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. 2023 Feb 10;12(2):457. doi: 10.3390/antiox12020457

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Molecular mechanisms of trastuzumab-induced oxidative stress in the cell. AKT, protein kinase B; Bcl-XL, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; HER, human epidermal receptor; MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPKK, MAPK kinase; MEK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NO, nitric oxide; NRG-1, neuregulin-1; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; ROS; reactive oxygen species.