Table 2.
The most common phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids) identified in MH, TH, KH, and SH [18,41,68,69,70].
| Phenolic Compounds | |
|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Phenolic Acid |
| Manuka Honey | |
| Chrysin (C15H10O4) | Caffeic acid (C9H8O4) |
| Galangin (C15H10O5) | Ferulic acid (C10H10O4) |
| Isorhamnetin (C16H12O7) | Gallic acid (C7H6O5) |
| Kaempferol (C15H10O6) | Syringic acid (C9H10O5) |
| Luteolin (C15H10O6) | - |
| Pinobanksin (C15H12O5) | - |
| Pinocembrin (C15H12O4) | - |
| Quercetin (C15H10O7) | - |
| Tualang Honey | |
| Apigenin (C15H10O5) | Caffeic acid (C9H8O4) |
| Kaempferol (C15H10O6) | Gallic acid (C7H6O5) |
| Luteolin (C15H10O6) | Syringic acid (C9H10O5) |
| Naringenin (C15H12O5) | Vanillic acid (C8H8O4) |
| Naringin (C27H32O14) | P-coumaric acid (C9H8O3) |
| Catechin (C15H14O6) | Benzoic acid (C7H6O2) |
| - | Trans-cinnamic acid (C9H8O2) |
| Kelulut Honey | |
| Luteolin (C15H10O6) | Gallic acid (C7H6O5) |
| Naringenin (C15H12O5) | Syringic acid (C9H10O5) |
| Taxifolin (C15H12O7) | Vanillic acid (C8H8O4) |
| - | 3 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (C7H6O4) |
| - | 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (C7H6O3) |
| - | P-coumaric acid (C9H8O3) |
| - | Cinnamic acid (C9H8O2) |
| - | Salicylic acid (C6H4(OH)CO2H) |
| - | cis, trans-Abscisic acid (C15H20O4) |
| Sidr Honey | |
| Catechin (C15H14O6) | Gallic acid (C7H6O5) |
| Quercetin (C15H10O7) | Salicylic acid (C6H4(OH)CO2H) |
| - | Chlorogenic acid (C16H18O9) |
| - | Tannic acid (C76H52O48) |