Table 1.
Differences in individual metabolites when comparing patients fulfilling the Sepsis-3 definition versus patients only fulfilling the Sepsis-2 criteria.
| Subpathway | Identity |
|---|---|
| AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES (40/228 metabolites altered, 31 correlated with SOFA score) | |
| Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism (2/9) | N-acetylalanine, N-carbamoylalanine |
| Glutamate Metabolism (1/12) | carboxyethyl-GABA |
| Histidine Metabolism (6/19) | 1-methylhistidine, N-acetyl-1-methylhistidine *, imidazole lactate, 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetate, 1-methyl-5-imidazoleacetate, 1-methyl-5-imidazolelactate |
| Lysine Metabolism (1/19) | 5-(galactosylhydroxy)-lysine |
| Tyrosine Metabolism (4/) | N-acetyltyrosine, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate, phenol sulfate, N-formylphenylalanine, |
| Tryptophan Metabolism (2/25) | Kynurenine, indolelactate |
| Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism (6/27) | beta-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine, 3-methylglutaconate, Isoleucine, tiglylcarnitine (C5:1-DC), 3-hydroxy-2-ethylpropionate, N-carbamoylvaline |
| Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism (3/26) | cysteine, N-acetylmethionine sulfoxide, 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylthio-4-pentenoate (DMTPA) * |
| Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism (5/24) | Arginine, urea, homocitrulline, N2,N5-diacetylornithine, argininate |
| Polyamine Metabolism (4/9) | N(1) + N(8))-acetylspermidine, Acisoga, N1,N12-diacetylspermine, 4-acetamidobutanoate |
| Guanidino and Acetamido Metabolism (1/4) | guanidinosuccinate |
| Peptides (5/50) | gamma-glutamylserine, isoleucylglycine, fibrinopeptide A (3–15) *, fibrinopeptide B (1–11) * fibrinopeptide B (1–12) * |
| CARBOHYDRATE AND ENERGY (all increased, all associated with the SOFA score) | |
| Carbohydrate (6/76) | Lactate, ribonate, arabinose, arabitol/xylitol, galactonate, erythronate *, N-acetylglucosamine/N-acetylgalactosamine |
| Energy metabolism (2/10) | alpha-ketoglutarate, fumarate |
| LIPIDS (7 increased including the acyl cholines, 8 associated with thevSOFA score including the acylcholines) | |
| Fatty Acid metabolites (10/145) | N-acetyl-2-aminooctanoate *, palmitoylcholine, dihomo-linolenoyl-choline, linoleoylcholine * stearoylcholine *, arachidonoylcholine, 12-HETE, N-stearoylserine *, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, glycocholate |
| NUCLEOTIDE (all 7 increased, six associated with the SOFA score) | |
| Purine Metabolism, (3/20) | Urate, allantoin, N6-succinyladenosine |
| Pyrimidine Metabolism (4/23) | Orotidine, uracil, 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine *, 5,6-dihydrothymine |
| COFACTORS AND VITAMINS (6/38; all 6 increased, and 5 were associated with the SOFA score) | |
| Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism | N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide |
| Pantothenate and CoA Metabolism | pantoate |
| Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism | ascorbic acid 3-sulfate *, 2-O-methylascorbic acid |
| Vitamin B6 Metabolism | Pyridoxate |
| ADDITIONAL (25 identified metabolites, two of them increased, 10 associated with the SOFA score) | |
| Xenobiotics (29/275) | 6 food components, 11 drug metabolites, 4 chemicals, 3 bilirubin degradation products, 1 glycine conjugate, 4 unidentified |
All individual metabolites showing a significant difference in ANOVA analysis are listed in the figure according to their classification. The table presents the classification and identity. Metabolites showing decreased levels in Sepsis-3 patients are presented in a green color (* The metabolite identity not confirmed based on a standard).