GIT	Gastrointestinal tract
TLRs	Toll-like receptors
Treg	Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Th17	T helper 17 cells
PRRs	Pattern recognition receptors
PAMPs	Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
DCs	Dendritic cells
APCs	Antigen-presenting cells
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
ILCs	Innate lymphoid cells
FMT	Fecal microbiota transplantation
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
NOD2	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2
MDP	Muramyl dipeptide
TMAO	Trimethylamine-N-oxide
CRC	Colorectal carcinoma
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
ICIs	Checkpoint inhibitors
CTLA-4	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1	Programmed death ligand 1
RA	Rheumatoid arthritis
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
SFB	Segmented filamentous bacteria
CD	Crohn’s disease
UC	Ulcerative colitis
IEB	Intestinal–epithelial barrier
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
GPR	G-protein receptor
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
NET	Neutrophil extracellular trap
NLR	NOD-like receptor
IEL	Intraepithelial lymphocytes
IL	Interleukin
RORγ	RAR-related orphan receptor gamma
Ig	Immunoglobulin
GPR	G-protein receptor
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
AhR	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
HSD	High-salt diet
F/B ratio	Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio
NaCl	Sodium chloride
CDI	Clostridium difficile infection
TGFβ	Tumor growth factor beta
CA	Cholic acid
DCA	Deoxycholic acid
UDCA	Ursodeoxycholic acid
LCA	Lithocholic acid
CVD	Cardiovascular diseases
TIDM	Type I diabetes mellitus
TIIDM	Type II diabetes mellitus