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. 2023 Jan 26;11(2):357. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11020357

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Violin plots of the levels of urinary biomarkers in the USI and DO, USI and HSB, and control groups (USI and stable bladder). Urine levels of (B) IL-2, (F) VEGF, (I) NGF, (K) 8-isoprostane, and (L) 8-OHdG were significantly different in paired comparison among the USI and DO, and control groups. Urine levels of (F) VEGF were significantly different among the USI and HSB and control groups. DO and USI, detrusor overactivity; USI, urodynamic stress incontinence; HSB, hypersensitive bladder; (A) IL-1β, interleukin-1β; (B) IL-2, interleukin-2; (C) IL-6, interleukin-6; (D) IL-8, interleukin-8; (E) TNF-β, tumor necrosis factor-beta; (F) VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; (G) BDNF, brainderived neurotrophic factor; (H) PGE2, prostaglandin E2; (I) NGF, neural growth factor; (J) TAC, total antioxidant capacity; (K) 8-isoprostane; (L) 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. * p < 0.05.