Table 3.
Effects of highly expressed non-coding ribonucleic acids.
| Ribonucleic Acid | Increased Levels in Clinical Sample | Promoted EMT | Promoted Cell Migration/Invasion | Promoted In Vivo Tumor Growth | Promoted In Vivo Metastasis | Associated Pathways/Targets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| circ-FOXM1 [103] | No | miR-320a, wnt | ||||
| circ-PRKAR1B [163] | No | miR-361-3p, FZD4 | ||||
| LINC00319 [164] | Yes | miR-455-3p, NFIB | ||||
| LINC00324 [165] | Yes | WDR66, HuR | ||||
| LINC00460 [166] | No | miR-1224-5p, FADS1 | ||||
| LINC02381 [167] | Yes | miR-503-5p, CDCA4 | ||||
| lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 [63] | Yes | Rho, ROCK, p38 | ||||
| lncRNA BCRT1 [168] | Yes | miR-1303, FGF7 | ||||
| lncRNA CASC15 [101] | Yes | wnt/β-catenin | ||||
| lncRNA CCAT2 [169] | Yes | LATS2, c-Myc | ||||
| lncRNA CRNDE [85,98] | Yes | Notch1, SP1, wnt/β-catenin | ||||
| lncRNA DDX11-AS1 [170] | No | miR-873-5p, IGF2BP2 | ||||
| lncRNA FAL1 [171] | Yes | GSK-3β | ||||
| lncRNA GHET1 [99,172] | Yes | Ki67, wnt/β-catenin | ||||
| lncRNA HCP5 [173] | No | SP1 | ||||
| lncRNA HNF1A-AS1 [174] | Yes | |||||
| lncRNA HIF1A-AS2 [175] | Yes | miR-33b-5p, SIRT6 | ||||
| lncRNA HOXA-AS2 [176] | Yes | miR-502c-3p | ||||
| lncRNA LMCD1-AS1 [177] | Yes | miR-106b-5p, SP1 | ||||
| lncRNA miR210HG [178] | Yes | miR-503 | ||||
| lncRNA MNX1-AS1 [179] | Yes | Snail | ||||
| lncRNA MSC-AS1 [180] | Yes | miR-142, CDK6, PI3K/Akt | ||||
| lncRNA NEAT1 [181] | Yes | miR-186-5p, HIF-1α | ||||
| lncRNA PGM5-AS1 [182] | Yes | miR-140-5p, FBN1 | ||||
| lncRNA PVT1 [183] | Yes | |||||
| lncRNA RUSC1-AS1 [184] | Yes | miR-340-5p, PI3K/Akt | ||||
| lncRNA SNHG1 [185] | Yes | miRNA-101-3p, ROCK1, PI3K/Akt | ||||
| lncRNA SNHG4 [186] | Yes | miR-377-3p | ||||
| lncRNA SNHG7 [86] | Yes | MiR-34a, Notch-1, BCL-2, CDK6, SMAD4 | ||||
| lncRNA SNHG20 [187] | Yes | |||||
| lncRNA SPRY4-IT1 [47,66] | No | miR-101 | ||||
| lncRNA TUG1 [90,188] | Yes | miR-144-3p, miR-143-5p, EZH2, HIF-1α, wnt | ||||
| lncRNA XIST [57] | Yes | miR-153, SNAI1 | ||||
| miR-17-5p [189] | Yes | SRCIN1 | ||||
| miR-19 [76] | Yes | SPRED2, ERK/MAPK | ||||
| miR-31-5p [95] | Yes | AXIN1, wnt/β-catenin | ||||
| miR-93 [190] | Yes | TIMP2 | ||||
| miR-130a [191] | Yes | PTEN | ||||
| miR-135b [192] | No | TAZ | ||||
| miR-155 [193] | No | TNFa, TP53INP1 | ||||
| miR-196a [194] | Yes | HOXA5 | ||||
| miR-199b-5p [195] | Yes | HER2 | ||||
| miR-210-5p [110] | Yes | PIK3R5, Akt | ||||
| Pseudogene MSTO2P [196] | Yes | PD-L1 |
: Significant association; 
: Not studied/reported.