Table 2.
Classification of psychoactive mushrooms, bioactive markers, and psychotropic mechanism according to Guzman et al. [42].
| Group | Psychoactive Markers |
Scaffold | Example | Psychotropic Mechanism |
Representative Mushrooms Genus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tryptamine or indole alkaloids |
|
 psilocin |
Agonist of different serotonin receptors (5HT2a-1a-2c) and ion channels | Psilocybe, Panaeolus, Gymnopilus, Copelandia, Agrocybe, Hyboloma, Galerina, Gerronema, Pluteus, Inocybe, Conocybe, Panaeolina |
| 2 | Isoxazole amino acids |
|
 muscimol |
Agonists of the ionotropic GABAA receptor | Amanita |
| 3 | Ergot alkaloids-Indole type |
|
 lysergic acid |
Multitarget action. Partial agonist of 5-HT2, adrenergic (α1A/2), and dopamine (D2) receptors |
Claviceps and Cordyceps |
| 4 | Indole-type alkaloids |
 Not fully identified |
Chemical studies are still required | Not elucidated yet | Boletus, Heimiella, Russula and some gasteromycetes |