DMSCs	Dental mesenchymal stem cells
iPSCs	Induced pluripotent stem cells
iDMSCs	DMSCs derived from infected tissue
PDL	Periodontal ligament
TLRs	Toll-like receptors
RANKL	Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
IL	Interleukin
CCL	Chemokine ligand
CCR	Chemokine receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor α
PDLSCs	Periodontal ligament stem cells
DFSCs	Dental follicle stem cells
DPSCs	Dental-pulp-derived stem cells
SCAPs	Stem cells from apical papilla
SHED	Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth
GMSCs	Gingival mesenchymal stem cells
DSSCs	Dental-socket-derived stem cells
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PBMCs	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
IFN	Interferon
TGF-ββ	Transforming growth factor-β
IDO-1	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1	Programmed cell death protein ligand 1
HLA-ABC	Human leukocyte antigen
NK cells	Natural killer cells
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
Tregs	Regulatory T cells
DCs	Dendritic cells
BMSCs	Bone marrow stromal stem cells
ASCs	Adipose-tissue-derived stem cells
iPDLSCs	Inflammatory periodontal ligament stem cells
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinases
Th	T helper cells
TIMPs	Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
CD	Surface cluster of differentiation
HLA-ABC	Human leukocyte antigen
NOTCH 1	Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1
LPS	Lipopolysaccharides
sEVs	cell-derived small extracellular vesicles
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
RANK	Receptor activator of NF-κB
HA-sECM	Hydroxyapatite -synthetic extracellular matrix
TDM	Treated dentin matrix
PRP	Platelet-rich plasma
EDM gel	Enamel matrix-derived gel