Table 2.
Biomarkers of diet, inflammation, and liver function according to diet in healthy never-pregnant women aged 18–40 years (n = 158).
| Median, (IQR) | Omnivore Diet N = 124 |
Vegetarian Diet N = 34 |
p Value 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarkers of Diet (Plasma) | |||
| 1-Methylhistidine, µmol/L | 3.62 (3.02–3.98) | 2.71 (2.46–3.07) | <0.001 |
| 3-Methylhistidine, µmol/L | 2.76 (1.16–7.15) | 0.33 (0.29–0.40) | <0.001 |
| Trimethylamine-N-oxide, µmol/L | 2.72 (2.02–4.05) | 1.86 (1.42–2.59) | <0.001 |
| Biomarkers of Inflammation | |||
| Serum-C-Reactive Protein, mg/L | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.8 (0.5–2.3) | 0.07 |
| Plasma neopterin, nmol/L | 11.3 (8.9–14.7) | 12.9 (10.0–14.4) | 0.31 |
| Biomarkers of Liver Status (Serum) | |||
| Alanine transaminase, U/L 2 | 20 (16–23) | 15 (12–19) | <0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L 2 | 59 (51–66) | 57 (46–70) | 0.54 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase, U/L 2 | 14 (12–20) | 13 (10–15) | 0.04 |
| Total bilirubin, µmol/L 2 | 8 (5–11) | 7 (5–9) | 0.31 |
| Albumin, g/L | 47 (45–48) | 46 (45–48) | 0.47 |
1 Comparison with Mann–Whitney U test. 2 Reduced number of omnivores; N = 59