Table 7.
Prognostic significance of other serum ALB-based mono-biomarkers in HCC patients.
| Biomarkers | Patients | Prognostic Significance | Year | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-treatment FIB/ALB ratio a | 151 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection. | High FIB/ALB ratio predicted worse OS and greater recurrence (>0.062 vs. ≤0.062). | 2018 | Xu et al. [121] |
| 1502 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection. | High FIB/ALB ratio predicted worse OS and DFS (>0.089 vs. ≤0.089). | 2022 | Mai et al. [122] | |
| Pre-treatment ALB/GGT ratio b | 480 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection. | Low ALB/GGT ratio predicted worse OS and RFS (≤0.5 vs. >0.5). | 2019 | Shen et al. [123] |
| 394 patients with HCC treated with RFA. | Low ALB/GGT ratio predicted worse OS and RFS (≤0.63 vs. >0.63). | 2021 | Liu et al. [124] | |
| Pre-treatment GGT/ALB ratio c | 206 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection. | High GGT/ALB ratio predicted worse OS (>0.946 vs. ≤0.946). | 2020 | Liu et al. [125] |
| Cirrhotic patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection. | High GGT/ALB ratio predicted worse OS and DFS (≥1.1733 vs. <1.1733). | 2022 | Zhang et al. [126] | |
| Pre-treatment LDH/ALB ratio d | 1041 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection (768 as training cohort and 273 as validation cohort). | High LDH/ALB ratio predicted worse OS and RFS (≥5.5 vs. <5.5). | 2018 | Gan et al. [127] |
| Pre-treatment PT-INR/ALB ratio e | 199 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection. | High PT-INR/ALB ratio predicted worse OS and DFS (≥0.288 vs. <0.288). | 2018 | Haruki et al. [128] |
| Pre-treatment PLT/ALB ratio f | 628 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection. | High PLT/ALB ratio predicted worse OS and RFS (>4.8 vs. ≤4.8). | 2019 | Li et al. [129] |
| Pre-treatment PLT–ALB grade g | 182 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection. | High PLT–ALB grade predicted worse OS (grade 2/3 vs. 1). | 2022 | Meira Junior et al. [130] |
| Pre-treatment NLR/ALB ratio h | 169 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection. | High NLR/ALB ratio predicted worse OS (>0.056 vs. ≤0.056). | 2021 | Shen et al. [131] |
| Pre-treatment CRP-ALB-LYM index i | 651 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection (384 as training cohort and 267 as validation cohort). | Low CRP-ALB-LYM index predicted worse OS and RFS (<5 vs. ≥5). | 2022 | Iida et al. [132] |
| Pre-treatment AST/ALB ratio j | 1874 patients with HCC treated with curative surgical resection (991 as training cohort and 883 as validation cohort). | High AST/ALB ratio predicted worse OS and RFS (>1.6 vs. <0.7). | 2022 | Peng et al. [133] |
a FIB/ALB ratio was calculated by dividing serum FIB level (mg/dL) by serum ALB level (mg/dL). b ALB/GGT ratio was calculated by dividing serum ALB level (g/L) by serum GGT level (U/L). c GGT/ALB ratio was calculated by dividing serum GGT level (U/L) by serum ALB level (g/L). d LDH/ALB ratio was calculated by dividing serum PLT count (U/L) by serum ALB level (g/L). e PT-INR/ALB ratio was calculated by dividing PT-INR by serum ALB level (g/dL). f PLT/ALB ratio was calculated by dividing serum PLT count (109/L) by serum ALB level (g/L). g PLT–ALB score was calculated by the formula −0.777 × serum ALB level (g/dL) −0.575 × log10 serum PLT count (1010/L) and stratified as grade 1 (≤−3.77), grade 2 (>−3.77 to ≤−3.04), or grade 3 (>−3.04). h NLR was calculated by dividing serum NEU count (109/L) by serum LYM count (109/L), and NLR/ALB ratio was calculated by dividing NLR by serum ALB level (g/L). i CRP-ALB-LYM index was calculated by the formula [serum ALB level (g/dL) × serum LYM count (109/L)]/[serum CRP level (mg/dL) × 104]. j AST/ALB ratio was calculated by dividing serum AST level (U/L) by serum ALB level (g/L). Abbreviations: ALB—albumin; HCC—hepatocellular carcinoma; FIB—fibrinogen; OS—overall survival; DFS—disease-free survival; GGT—gamma-glutamyltransferase; RFA—radiofrequency ablation; RFS—recurrence-free survival; LDH—lactic dehydrogenase; PT-INR—prothrombin time–international normalized ratio; PLT—platelet; NLR—neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; CRP—C-reactive protein; LYM—lymphocyte; NEU—neutrophil; AST—aspartate aminotransferase; vs.—versus.