Table 1.

List of food-analyte sensing by various types of nanomaterials (2018–2022).

Nanomaterial	Analyte	Biorecognition Element	LoD	Ref.
Metal Nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles	Salmonella typhimurium	DNA aptamer	36 CFU/mL	[33]
Gold nanoparticles	Dipicolinic acid	Eu3+ ion/gold nanocluster	0.8 μM	[34]
Gold nanoparticles	Histamine	Gold nanoparticles	2.04 nM	[35]
Silver nanoparticles	Melamine	Polyethyleneimine–silver nanobioprobe	132 nM	[36]
Silver nanoparticles	Staphylococcal enterotoxin A	DNA aptamer	0.3393 ng/mL	[37]
Silver nanoparticles	Fe+3 ions	Vitamin B12-functionalized biological silver nanoparticles (FAgNPs)	2 mg/L	[38]
Copper nanoparticles	Zearalenone	Antibodies	16.0 μg/kg	[39]
Platinum nanoparticles	Hypoxanthine	Platinum nanoparticles	2.88 μM	[40]
Tungsten nanoparticles	Maltose and sucrose	Fenugreek β-amylase functionalized tungsten disulfide nanoparticles	0.052 and 0.096 mM	[41]
Palladium nanoparticles	Tetracyclines	Graphene quantum dots/palladium nanoparticles	45 ng/mL	[42]
Carbon-based nanomaterials
Carbon nanotubes	Escherichia coli O157:H7	Carbonyl iron powder/MWCNT-DNA aptamer	3.15 × 102 cfu/mL	[43]
Carbon nanotubes	Patulin mycotoxin	Carboxyfluorescein dye MWCNTs–DNA aptamer	0.13 μg/L	[44]
Carbon nanohorns	Fipronil	FAM–aptamer with oxidized single-walled carbon nanohorns	3 nM	[45]
Carbon dots	Tartrazine	Fluorescent carbon dots	12.4 nM	[46]
Carbon dots	Tetracyclines and Al3+	Fluorescent carbon dots	0.057–0.23 μM and 0.091 μM	[47]
Carbon dots	Ascorbic acid	Carbon Dots/Fe3+ composite	3.11 μmol·L-1 μmol/L	[48]
Quantum dots	Acrylamide	DNA aptamer	2.41 × 10−8 M	[49]
Quantum dots	Histamine	Carbon quantum dots with peptide	13 μg/kg	[50]
Quantum dots	Biogenic amines	Carbon dots/yellow fluorescent CdTe quantum dots	1.259-5.428 μM	[51]
Graphene oxide	β-lactoglobulin	DNA aptamer	96.91 μg/L	[32]
Graphene quantum dots	Formaldehyde	Graphene quantum dots	0.0515 μg/mL	[52]
Graphene oxide	Zearalenone and ochratoxin A	Cy3 aptamer and Alexa Fluor 488 aptamer	1.797 ng/mL and 1.484 ng/mL	[53]
Other nanomaterials
Silica nanoparticles	Thiram	Mesoporous silica with gold nanoparticles	0.19 ng/mL	[15]
Silica nanoparticles	Aflatoxin B1	DNA aptamer	0.13 ng/mL	[54]
Up-conversion nanoparticles	Staphylococcus aureus	Aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles	10.7 CFU/mL	[55]
Up-conversion nanoparticles	Histamine	Up-conversion nanoparticles	7.34 mg/L	[56]
Metal organic frameworks (MOF)	Acrylamide	6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled aptamer (FAM-ssDNA)	1.9 nM	[57]
Metal organic frameworks	Tetracycline antibiotics	Luminescent MOF	0.28–0.30 μM	[58]
Metal organic frameworks	Ethanolamine	Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/FAM-aptamer	17.86 pM	[59]
Phosphors	Zearalenone in cereals	Black phosphorus–gold nanocomposite	2 μg/kg	[60]