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EVs as cancer biomarkers. Tumor cells release high numbers of plasma membrane-derived large EVs (lEVs) and endosomal-derived small EVs (sEVs)), which are released from multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs) into body fluids, such as blood (left panel). These tumor-EVs can be assessed via liquid biopsies (right panel), and based on the expression of tumor-specific EV proteins, nucleic acids, or metabolites, they can be used as biomarkers for cancer (exemplarily shown for lung cancer).
