Figure 2.

Nucleoplasmic transport of HuR. HuR is mainly distributed in the nucleus, but when stimulated by factors such as microenvironmental changes, HuR can bind to target mRNA to form a HuR-mRNA complex, which protects the target mRNA from degradation by nucleic acid exonucleases and transfers it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via HNS. Subsequently, HuR dissociates from the target mRNA and rapidly returns to the nucleus with the assistance of transporter proteins such as importin α1. Nucleoplasmic translocation of HuR increases the stability of the target mRNA, promotes mRNA translation, and causes a variety of inflammatory phenotypes, ultimately promoting tumor formation and progression. RRM: RNA recognition motif, HuR: human antigen R, HNS: HuR nucleoplasmic shuttling sequence.