Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with elevated AFP levels.
| Variable | Univariate | p | Multivariate | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Age (per 10 years) | 0.955 (0.904–1.010) | 0.105 | ||
| Female vs. male | 1.20 (1.04–1.39) | 0.011 | 1.462 (1.256–1.701) | <0.001 |
| AUD | 1.077 (0.887–1.306) | 0.454 | ||
| HBsAg or anti-HCV-positive | 1.355 (1.160–1.583) | <0.001 | 1.720 (1.451–2.038) | <0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 1.275 (1.110–1.465) | 0.001 | 1.288 (1.099–1.509) | 0.02 |
| Child–Pugh class B or C vs. A |
1.525(1.287–1.806) | <0.001 | 0.964 (0.770–1.205) | 0.745 |
| Creatinine >1.2 mg/dL |
0.983 (0.849–1.138) | 0.821 | ||
| Total bilirubin >1.4 mg/dL |
1.454 (1.262–1.676) | <0.001 | 1.218 (1.020–1.455) | 0.030 |
| INR >1.2 |
1.238 (1.002–1.530) | 0.048 | 0.897 (0.687–1.172) | 0.425 |
| Tumor size, per 10 mm increase | 1.167 (1.146–1.189) | <0.001 | 1.155 (1.127–1.183) | <0.001 |
| Multiple tumors | 2.076 (1.818–2.371) | <0.001 | 1.406 (1.205–1.641) | <0.001 |
| BCLC stage (O–A as reference) |
||||
| B–D | 2.640 (2.317–3.009) | <0.001 | 1.247 (1.037–1.500) | 0.019 |
| 7th edition AJCC Stage 1 as reference |
||||
| Stage 2 | 1.202 (1.013–1.426) | 0.035 | ||
| Stage 3 | 3.909 (3.270–4.674) | <0.001 | ||
| Stage 4 | 6.071 (4.553–8.096) | <0.001 |
AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AUD, alcohol use disorder; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HCV, anti-hepatitis C virus antibody; INR, international normalized ratio; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.