Table 2.
Relationship of Air Pollution Exposure with Lung Function and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
| Lung Function | COPD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | n | FEV1 (ml) β (95% CI) |
FEV1/FVC (%) β (95% CI) |
Cases/Noncases | OR (95% CI) |
| PM2.5 (continuous) (per IQR increase = 2.4 μg/m3) |
1,451 | −101.7 (−166.2 to −37.2) | −0.6 (−1.7 to 0.5) | 691/760 | 1.17 (0.89 to 1.54) |
| PM2.5 (categorical), μg/m3 | |||||
| Low (2.6 to 5.6) | 404 | Reference | Reference | 199/205 | Reference |
| Medium (5.7 to 8.7) | 768 | −108.0 (−188.8 to −27.3) | −1.1 (−2.4 to 0.3) | 361/407 | 1.13 (0.80 to 1.59) |
| High (8.8 to 11.9) | 279 | −261.9 (−391.7 to −132.1) | −2.3 (−4.5 to −0.1) | 131/148 | 1.57 (0.90 to 2.73) |
| NO2 (per IQR increase = 9.2 ppb) | 1,452 | −115.0 (−196.5 to −33.4) | −1.1 (−2.5 to 0.3) | 691/761 | 1.19 (0.84 to 1.68) |
| NO2 (categorical), ppb | |||||
| Low (0.5 to 11.3) | 507 | Reference | Reference | 227/280 | Reference |
| Medium (11.4 to 22.1) | 881 | −87.1 (−190.9 to 16.8) | −0.8 (−2.5 to 1.0) | 431/450 | 1.30 (0.84 to 2.03) |
| High (22.2 to 33) | 64 | −268.84 (−434.21 to −103.47) | −2.6 (−5.4 to 0.2) | 33/31 | 1.58 (0.78 to 3.18) |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR = interquartile range; NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; OR = odds ratio; PM2.5 = fine particulate matter.
All models are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, educational level (high school or lower vs. postsecondary education), tobacco status (never smoker, former smoker, or current smoker), pack-years smoking, environmental tobacco smoke at home, biomass fuel exposure, respiratory medication intake, and Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease study site. Statistically significant results are shown in bold.