Table 4.

Clinical studies utilizing phytochemical nanocarriers for breast cancer treatment.

Phytochemical Constituent-Based Drug	Nanocarrier	Phase of Clinical Trial	Condition	Remarks	References
Vinorelbine tartrate	Liposomal vinorelbine tartrate	Phase 1	Breast cancer	Inhibits microtubule polymerization and promotes cell apoptosis.	[148]
Paclitaxel	Albumin-stabilized paclitaxel	Phase 3	Metastatic breast cancer	Less exposure of toxic cremophor of the drug to non-cancerous cells thus enables higher dosing and improves paclitaxel penetration inside the cancer cells	[149]
	Paclitaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles	Phase 4	Breast cancer	Increased blood stability and tumor-specific action by releasing drug inside tumor cells via a PH-sensitive action	[150]
Docetaxel	Nanosomal docetaxel lipid suspension	Phase 3	Breast cancer	Better stability, lower cytotoxicity to normal cells and easily pass-through leaky vasculature of tumor blood vessels	[151]