Table 1.

Summary of different techniques of electrochemical biosensors.

Transducer	Technique	Merits	Demerits	Ref
Electrochemical	Potentiometric	Possibility of constant study on diverse biomolecule Real-time detection	Time-consuming Profound to the surrounding atmosphere Interference induces by nonspecific binding	[87,88]
	Impedimetric	Instantaneous detection Simplicity User friendly	Requires bulky device Need theoretical simulation for facts study Low sensitivity	[89,90,91]
	Conductometric	Suitable for colored analytes No need for an indicator Accurate	Nonspecificity High interference Increased levels of salt may lead to errors
	Amperometric	Simple Affordable Miniaturize Easy to operate	Require redox element to boost the production of current Time-consuming	[92,93]