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Effects of AMD3100 on tumor vasculature in bony PtenSmad4-null mPCa tissue evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF). (a–c) The density of vessels (a), the fraction of mature vessels (b), and the fraction of vessels with open lumens (c) were measured by IF for CD31 and desmin. (d) Expression of the hypoxia marker CA-IX measured by IF. Tissue collection for analysis was performed 4 days after radiotherapy (RT) and/or AD3100 treatment. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001.
