Table 5.
Factors associated with timely vaccination among rural children, 2015–16 TDHS-MIS
| BCG | OPV0 | OPV1 | Penta1 | PCV1† | Rota1† | Measles# | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3,876 | N = 4,054 | N = 3,953 | N = 3,994 | N = 3,873 | N = 3,882 | N = 2,583 | ||||||||
| Risk factor | aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI |
| Distance to health facility | 0.97 | (0.96,0.98) | 0.96 | (0.94,0.97) | 0.97 | (0.96,0.98) | 0.97 | (0.96,0.98) | 0.97 | (0.96,0.98) | 0.97 | (0.97,0.98) | 0.97 | (0.96,0.98) |
| Wealth index score | 1.20 | (1.11,1.30) | 1.20 | (1.11,1.31) | 1.15 | (1.07,1.23) | 1.23 | (1.15,1.32) | 1.21 | (1.13,1.31) | 1.15 | (1.07,1.24) | 1.17 | (1.06,1.30) |
| Mother’s age at delivery | 1.00 | (1.00,1.01) | 1.00 | (0.99,1.01) | 1.00 | (1.00,1.01) | 1.00 | (1.00,1.01) | 1.01 | (1.00,1.01) | 1.00 | (1.00,1.01) | 0.99 | (0.98,1.00) |
| Mother’s education | ||||||||||||||
| None | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| Primary | 1.14 | (1.02,1.27) | 1.03 | (0.91,1.18) | 1.35 | (1.22,1.49) | 1.32 | (1.19,1.45) | 1.27 | (1.15,1.40) | 1.28 | (1.16,1.42) | 1.19 | (1.04,1.36) |
| Secondary or higher | 1.32 | (1.10,1.58) | 1.22 | (1.00,1.49) | 1.47 | (1.25,1.73) | 1.29 | (1.09,1.51) | 1.33 | (1.12,1.56) | 1.45 | (1.23,1.70) | 1.38 | (1.11,1.72) |
| Birth order | ||||||||||||||
| First child | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| Second or higher | 0.98 | (0.87,1.11) | 0.94 | (0.81,1.08) | 1.05 | (0.94,1.18) | 1.00 | (0.89,1.12) | 1.03 | (0.92,1.16) | 1.07 | (0.95,1.20) | 0.93 | (0.81,1.08) |
| Antenatal care visits | ||||||||||||||
| 0–3 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| 4 or more | 1.00 | (0.91,1.09) | 1.02 | (0.91,1.13) | 1.01 | (0.93,1.10) | 1.01 | (0.93,1.10) | 1.05 | (0.96,1.14) | 1.04 | (0.95,1.13) | 1.03 | (0.93,1.15) |
| Unknown/missing | 0.60 | (0.31,1.18) | 0.59 | (0.26,1.31) | 1.00 | (0.51,1.98) | 0.71 | (0.36,1.42) | 0.78 | (0.33,1.84) | 0.83 | (0.34,2.05) | 1.23 | (0.74,2.07) |
| Tetanus Toxoid doses | ||||||||||||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| 1 | 1.01 | (0.90,1.14) | 0.87 | (0.75,1.01) | 1.01 | (0.91,1.12) | 1.01 | (0.91,1.13) | 0.98 | (0.88,1.10) | 1.00 | (0.89,1.12) | 0.87 | (0.75,1.01) |
| 2 | 1.00 | (0.89,1.11) | 0.88 | (0.77,1.01) | 1.04 | (0.94,1.16) | 1.07 | (0.97,1.19) | 1.04 | (0.94,1.16) | 1.08 | (0.97,1.20) | 1.01 | (0.88,1.15) |
| 3 or more | 1.09 | (0.90,1.33) | 1.00 | (0.81,1.22) | 1.03 | (0.85,1.25) | 1.06 | (0.87,1.29) | 0.96 | (0.80,1.16) | 1.07 | (0.90,1.28) | 1.01 | (0.79,1.28) |
| Unknown/missing | 1.51 | (0.77,2.99) | 1.16 | (0.52,2.60) | 1.01 | (0.51,2.01) | 1.31 | (0.65,2.63) | 1.14 | (0.49,2.70) | 1.11 | (0.45,2.75) | 0.70 | (0.41,1.19) |
| Child’s place of delivery | ||||||||||||||
| Health facility | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| Home | 0.48 | (0.42,0.54) | 0.38 | (0.33,0.43) | 0.77 | (0.71,0.84) | 0.77 | (0.71,0.84) | 0.78 | (0.71,0.85) | 0.75 | (0.69,0.82) | 0.77 | (0.69,0.86) |
| Year of birth | ||||||||||||||
| 2013‡ | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| 2014 | 1.14 | (1.03,1.27) | 1.17 | (1.02,1.34) | 1.27 | (1.14,1.41) | 1.19 | (1.07,1.31) | 1.33 | (1.20,1.49) | 1.42 | (1.27,1.58) | 0.92 | (0.83,1.02) |
| 2015‡ | 1.00 | (0.89,1.12) | 1.11 | (0.97,1.28) | 1.18 | (1.06,1.32) | 1.07 | (0.96,1.19) | 1.22 | (1.09,1.37) | 1.30 | (1.16,1.45) | ||
Notes: Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) obtained from cox proportional hazard models. Survival data analyzed using weights to account for the complex sampling design of the TDHS-MIS. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
To account for changes in guidelines in January 2013, coverage and timeliness for the pneumococcal (PCV1-PCV3) and rotavirus (Rota1-Rota2) vaccine series were not assessed for children born prior to 2013.
Births in 2012 (229) and 2016 (40) were recoded to 2013 and 2015, respectively.
N=1,861 children born in 2015 and 2016 were excluded from the measles model because, at the time of data collection, most of those children in the TDHS-MIS sample were not yet age eligible for the measles vaccine.
TDHS-MIS: Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey.