EXHIBIT 1.

Characteristics of US postgraduate medical resident trainees in the study cohort active during 2014–19

Characteristics	Number	Percent
Total	120,866	100.0
Race and ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native	167	0.1
Asian	24,361	20.2
Black	6,253	5.2
Hispanic	5,151	4.3
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	61	0.1
White	74,010	61.2
Multiracial, Hispanic	4,168	3.4
Multiracial, non-Hispanic	4,585	3.8
Other	1,877	1.6
Gender
Female	58,876	48.7
Male	61,985	51.3
Age at graduation, years
Under 24	459	0.4
24–26	51,715	42.8
27–29	48,429	40.1
30–32	13,605	11.3
33 and older	6,602	5.5
Specialty
Surgerya	24,848	20.6
Internal medicine	22,292	18.4
Pediatrics	12,153	10.1
Family medicine	10,227	8.5
Emergency medicine	9,767	8.1
Other	41,579	34.4
Residency program region
Central	27,523	22.8
Northeast	35,831	29.6
South	33,901	28.0
West	23,611	19.5
Graduation year
2013 or earlier	37,265	30.8
2014–16	40,061	33.1
2017 or later	43,540	36.0

source Authors’ analysis of trainee data from the Medical School Graduation Questionnaire and the Graduate Medical Education Track Resident Survey, both administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges.

^aIncludes residents active in all surgical specialties, including general, colon and rectal, orthopedic, vascular, thoracic, and plastic surgery, as well as neurosurgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, and urology.