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. 2023 Feb 6;15(4):1030. doi: 10.3390/cancers15041030

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Neu1-MMP9-GPCR signaling platform in the regulation of RT K and the molecular targeting of multistage tumorigenesis. Neuraminidase-1 (Neu1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) cross-talk in alliance with G protein-coupled receptor(s) (GPCR) regulates receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and extracellular and intracellular Toll-like (TLR) receptors in cancer cells. This process sets the stage for multistage tumorigenesis. Citation: Taken in part from: Abdulkhalek et al., (2013) [118], Abdulkhalek et al., (2014) [134]. Publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd. These are an Open Access articles which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.