Table 2.
Studies comparing Glaucoma versus Control groups.
| Study | Objectives | Sample | Results | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meng et al., 2013 [10] | Diagnostic value of CDI in measuring intraocular blood flow in patients with POAG. | 23 studies—approx. 2000 eyes (POAG/control groups) | • ↓PSV and ↓EDV in OA, CRA, SPCA • ↑RI in OA, CRA, SPCA |
CDI may be used in the diagnosis of POAG patients. |
| Xu et al., 2015 [11] | Possible diagnostic value of CDI in the assessment of hemodynamic changes in patients with NTG. | 23 studies—approx. 1700 eyes (NTG/control groups) | • ↓PSV and ↓EDV in OA, CRA, SPCA • ↑RI in OA and TSPCA |
Ischemia is one of the major effects of NTG. Vascular parameters measured by CDI may be used as criteria in the diagnosis of NTG. |
| Abegão Pinto et al., 2016 [36] | Identify which of the vascular data can be helpful in the clinical practice for screening and disease stratification. | 546 patients: 214 POAG, 192 NTG, 140 control groups | Glaucoma patients showed: • ↓intraocular velocities using CDI • higher venous saturation • asymmetries of choroid thickness |
The database aims to introduce vascular parameters into daily clinical practice for the diagnosis of glaucoma. |
| Kurysheva et al., 2017 [40] | Diagnostic value of OBF and choroid thickness parameters in the detection of early glaucoma. | 62 eyes: 32 glaucoma, 30 control groups. | • ↓EDV in CRA, SPCA • ↓mean flow in CRA |
Hemodynamic parameters, by measuring velocities with CDI, show better reliability for the diagnosis of early glaucoma, compared to the structural parameters. |
| Eniola et al., 2018 [50] | Comparison of CDI data of CRA and OA in young patients with POAG with normal population. | 200 eyes: 100 with POAG 100 control groups. |
• ↓PSV and ↓EDV in OA, CRA • ↑RI in OA and CRA |
Patients with POAG show reduced velocities and elevated RI of the intraocular vessels compared to the normal population. |
| Kalayci et al., 2020 [51] | Analyze flow parameters of OA, CRA and ICA using CDI. | 145 patients: 35 POAG, 65 NTG and 45 control groups |
• ↑RI, PI, PR in OA • ↑RI in CRA |
OA PR (peak ratio) and ICA intima-media thickness may be used as diagnostic tools. |
| Krzyżanowska-Berkowska et al., 2021 [41] | To evaluate association between OBF biomarkers and lamina cribrosa parameters. | 211 patients: 70 POAG, 72 glaucoma suspects, 69 control groups. |
• ↓PSV in OA, CRA • ↓MFV in OA, CRA |
Impaired OBF was found to be associated with deformed lamina cribrosa in glaucoma patients. |
CDI: Color Doppler Imaging, POAG: Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, NTG: Normal Tension Glaucoma, OA: Ophthalmic Artery, CRA: Central Retinal Artery, SPCA: Short Posterior Ciliary Arteries, ICA: Internal Carotid Artery, PSV: Peak Systolic Velocity, EDV: End Diastolic Velocity, RI: Resistive Index, PI: Pulsatility Index, PR: Peak Ratio, MFV: Mean Flow Velocity, ↑ increase, ↓ reduction.