Table 5.
CDI as a tool to monitor progression.
| Study | Sample | Results | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zegadlo et al., 2021 [68] | 89 eyes studied: • 31 preperimetric • 29 early glaucoma • 12 moderate glaucoma • 17 advanced glaucoma |
• ↓PSV OA and CRA in advanced than in preperimetric glaucoma • ↑RI CRA in advanced/moderate than in preperimetric glaucoma | CDI may be used as a diagnostic tool for the control or treatment of patients at increased risk of a more aggressive optic neuropathy |
| Kalayci et al., 2020 [51] | 145 patients: • 35 POAG • 65 NTG • 45 control groups |
• ↑RI, PI, PR in OA • ↑RI in CRA |
OBF measurements may be used to determine the severity of the damage and monitor the progression of the disease |
| Magureanu et al., 2016 [71] | • 102 patients -202 eyes- with a confirmed diagnosis of GON. | • ↓PSV in CRA was relevant in glaucoma progression | CDI would represent an important diagnosis method, whose results could help adopt more or less aggressive therapeutic measures in conflicted cases |
| Suprasanna et al., 2014 [72] | • 78 eyes with established POAG -25 with progressive visual field loss and 53 with stable visual field- • 78 control eyes |
• ↓EDV in OA and • ↑RI in OA and PCAs in glaucomatous eyes with progressive than with stable visual field loss |
OBF appears compromised in eyes with POAG, particularly in those with progressive visual field loss |
| Jimenez-Aragon F. et al., 2013 [73] | • 71 patients categorized as “Progression” or “No Progression” (5-year follow-up) |
Progression group presented: • ↓EDV in OA, CRA • ↑RI in OA, CRA compared to the “No Progression” group |
Orbital hemodynamics studied by CDI may represent an important biomarker to discriminate glaucoma patients with higher risk for progression |
| Calvo et al., 2012 [69] | • 262 glaucoma suspects (48-month follow-up) |
• ↑RI > 0.75 in OA was associated with the development of glaucoma | Abnormal OBF velocities measured by CDI may be a risk factor for conversion to glaucoma |
| Zeitz et al., 2006 [74] | • 114 patients with glaucoma • 40 healthy volunteers |
• ↓PSV in CRA • ↓PSV and ↓EDV in SPCAs in patients with progressive glaucoma |
Progressive glaucoma is associated with decreased blood flow velocities |
| Martínez et al., 2005 [70] | • 49 POAG patients (36-month follow-up) |
• ↑RI in OA, SPCAs in the eyes that progressed (23 out of 36) | In eyes with POAG and elevated IOP, the RIs of the OA or SPCAs may reliably predict visual field progression |
| Galassi et al., 2003 [75] | • 44 POAG patients (7-year follow-up) |
• ↑RI in OA in patients with visual field loss | CDI variables of OA correlate with the risk of visual field deterioration in patients with POAG |
CDI: Color Doppler Imaging, POAG: Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, NTG: Normal Tension Glaucoma, OA: Ophthalmic Artery, CRA: Central Retinal Artery, SPCAs: Short Posterior Ciliary Arteries, ICA: Internal Carotid Artery, PSV: Peak Systolic Velocity, EDV: End Diastolic Velocity, RI: Resistive Index, PI: Pulsatility Index, PR: Peak Ratio, MFV: Mean Flow Velocity, ↑ increase, ↓ reduction.