Table 1.
Measurements during active standing test in children with dysautonomia.
| Healthy Control | Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia | Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior to Pandemic | PASC/Post Vaccination | Prior to Pandemic | PASC/Post Vaccination | ||
| Patients | 47 | 20 | 13 | 44 | 15 |
| Age [Years] |
14.2 ± 3.8 | 14.7 ± 2.5 | 15.4 ± 2.9 | 14.9 ± 2.2 | 14.4 ± 2.7 |
| Height [cm] | 160.1 ± 14.2 | 160.9 ± 9.8 | 162.1 ± 8.3 | 167 ± 10 | 165 ± 12 |
| Weight [kg] | 52.6 ± 14.3 | 48.2 ± 7.7 | 53.0 ± 12.3 | 55.4 ± 11.6 | 54.5 ± 12.7 |
| Sys. BP [mmHg] | 114.5 ± 9.2 | 119.4 ± 9.5 | 129.1 ± 7.3 ** | 116.7 ± 9.3 | 110.3 ± 2.8 * |
| Diast. BP [mmHg] | 61.7 ± 11.2 | 73.6 ± 9.5 | 80.4 ± 8.6 * | 63.5 ± 11.6 | 69.5 ± 6.0 |
| FS [%] | 38.9 ± 6.2 | 37.0 ± 3.6 | 44.9 ± 5.3 | 37.8 ± 4.8 * | |
| LVIMP | 0.13 ± 0.1 | 0.20 ± 0.1 | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.1 ± 0.07 ** | |
| HR Increase | 16.2 ± 7.1 | 25.7 ± 14.5 | 21.9 ± 12.6 | 43.3 ± 8.7 | 43.0 ± 5.8 |
| Lying HR | 73.6 ± 12.5 | 107.9 ± 16.2 | 101.9 ± 9.2 | 72.5 ± 10.9 | 69.2 ± 13.2 |
| Standing HR | 89.8 ± 13.2 | 133.6 ± 16.4 | 123.8 ± 12.6 * | 115.6 ± 15.3 | 112.3 ± 13.4 |
| rMSSD Lying |
85.1 ± 56.2 | 19.6 ± 15.2 | 22.8 ± 14.1 | 63.4 ± 41.4 | 88.7 ± 46.0 |
| rMSSD Standing | 40.4 ± 22.7 | 12.5 ± 15.2 | 15.5 ± 17.2 | 16.4 ± 9.4 | 24.5 ± 29.0 |
| Stress Index Lying | 98 ± 85 | 638 ± 654 | 350 ± 205 | 151 ± 252 | 75 ± 80 |
| Stress Index Standing | 168 ± 116 | 1111 ± 666 | 734 ± 632 | 561 ± 437 | 607 ± 578 |
| HF lying | 2920 ± 4403 | 210 ± 201 | 383 ± 517 | 2151 ± 4315 | 3798 ± 5574 |
| HF standing | 949 ± 1222 | 104 ± 170 | 212 ± 452 | 123 ± 126 | 813 ± 1981 |
| LF lying | 1518 ± 2795 | 226 ± 153 | 449 ± 364 | 1280 ± 1585 | 1021 ± 569 |
| LF standing | 1331 ± 1115 | 527 ± 413 | 242 ± 201 | 570 ± 632 | 1047 ± 1494 |
| VLF lying | 1553 ± 2182 | 639 ± 818 | 457 ± 368 | 1094 ± 1867 | 2103 ± 2483 |
| VLF standing | 1299± 1506 | 242 ± 201 | 455 ± 421 | 451 ± 440 | 864 ± 1245 |
| TP lying | 5819 ± 6203 | 876 ± 1164 | 1290 ± 349 | 4509 ± 6300 | 6435 ± 5318 |
| TP standing | 3579 ± 3012 | 349 ± 1132 | 1194 ± 1132 | 1145 ± 980 | 2726 ± 3910 |
| LF/HF Lying |
0.97 ± 1.10 | 3.08 ± 2.8 | 2.61 ± 2.67 | 1.12 ± 0.82 | 0.71 ± 0.51 |
| LF/HF Standing | 2.54 ± 1.95 | 4.85 ± 4.8 | 5.54 ± 2.79 | 7.66 ± 4.89 | 5.79 ± 6.94 |
HR: Heart Rate; FS: Fractional Shortening of the left ventricle; LVIMP: The Left Ventricular Index of Myocardial Performance; RMSSD: The square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals; TP: Total Power; HF: High-frequency power; LF: Low-frequency power; HF/LF: Ratio HF to LF; VLF: Very low-frequency power. Unpaired t-test within the patient groups “Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia” and “Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia”: * p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01.