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Fetal-to-neonatal transition implies a drastic change to the oxygen provided to the tissue causing physiologic oxidative stress. However, under pathological circumstances, an excess of oxygen can lead to hyperoxia and subsequent pathologic oxidative stress and tissue damage with long and/or short-term consequences. In contrast, low oxygenation can cause hypoxemia, bradycardia, and consequently serious complications such as intra-peri-ventricular hemorrhage (IPVH) and/or death.
