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. 2023 Feb 10;10(2):351. doi: 10.3390/children10020351

Table 3.

Adverse events that reduce the effectiveness of face mask ventilation.

  • Error in the size of the facemask.

  • Inadequate positioning causing air leak.

  • Excessive compression that causes upper airway obstruction.

  • Excessive facial compression that causes bradycardia due to the activation of the trigeminal-cardiac reflex.

  • Inadvertent glottis closure impedes air entrance in the lower respiratory airways.

  • Volutrauma caused by excessive VT.

  • Atelectotrauma caused by insufficient VT

  • Barotrauma caused by excessive positive pressure in the airways.

  • Ineffective ventilation due to inadequate pressure setting.

Abbreviation: VT: Tidal volume.