Table 4. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showing factors associated with obstructive coronary artery disease in different models.
| OR | 95% CI for OR | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||
| Model 1: Inclusion of traditional cardiovascular risk factors only | ||||
| Age ≥55 years | 7.39 | 2.28 | 24.01 | 0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 3.20 | 1.04 | 9.79 | 0.042 |
| AUC: 0.7774 (95%CI: 0.6777–0.8771) | ||||
| Model 2: Inclusion of retinal characteristics only | ||||
| Left MBCV | 2.60 | 1.30 | 5.20 | 0.007 |
| Left AVR | 1.11 | 1.03 | 1.20 | 0.006 |
| Right MBCA | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.42 | < .001 |
| Right AF | 2.97 | 1.03 | 8.54 | 0.044 |
| Right Tortuosity | 0.39 | 0.17 | 0.92 | 0.030 |
| Right A occlusion | 2.91 | 1.17 | 7.27 | 0.022 |
| AUC: 0.9022 (95%CI: 0.8098–0.9946) | ||||
| Model 3: Inclusion of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and retinal characteristics retinal characteristics | ||||
| Dyspnoea | 5.82 | 1.03 | 32.95 | 0.047 |
| Left MBCV | 2.36 | 1.14 | 4.87 | 0.020 |
| Left AVR | 1.11 | 1.03 | 1.21 | 0.011 |
| Right MBCA | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.50 | 0.001 |
| Right AF | 3.27 | 1.05 | 10.17 | 0.041 |
| Right Tortuosity | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.86 | 0.023 |
| Right A occlusion | 2.96 | 1.17 | 7.49 | 0.022 |
| AUC: 0.9168 (95%CI: 0.8420–0.9917) | ||||
Abbreviations: MBCA, bifurcation coefficient of artery; MBCV, bifurcation coefficient of venule; AF, atrial fibrillation; Tortuosity, Tortuosity; A occlusion, Arteriole occlusion; AVR, Arteriole-venule ratio.