(A) Schematic illustration of cfDNA detection. Re-used with permission from Ref. [64]. (Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society). (B) Overall reaction mechanism of RACE. Re-used with permission from Ref. [65]. (Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society). (C) Schematic illustration the operation of the 119 3D GR/AuPtPd nanoflower biosensor–based CRISPR/Cas9–triggered ESDR. Re-used with permission from Ref. [66]. (Copyright, 2021 Elsevier, reproduced with permission from Elsevier Ltd.) and (D) Schematic representation of NEXT CRISPR biosensing platform. Re-used with permission from Ref. [67] (Copyright, 2022 Elsevier, reproduced with permission from Elsevier Ltd.).