$h_f^{°}$	Enthalpy of formation of the products at the body temperature (J/mole)
$h^{°}$	Enthalpy of formation of the nutrients at the standard conditions (J/mole)
$\Delta {\dot{\mathrm{H}}}_R$	Enthalpy of heat generation rate due to heat released from the metabolic reaction of a nutrient (J/mole)
$\dot{n_p}$	Mole number rates of the products exiting from the system (moles/s)
$\dot{n_r}$	Mole number of the reactants entering the system (moles/s)
$\Delta \dot{Q}$	Rate of heat release from the body (J/s)
$s_{in}$	Entropy of the nutrients while being uptaken by a person (J/mole K)
$s_{out}$	Entropy of the excreted molecules (J/mole K)
η	Metabolic efficiency of the nutrients
Glossary of medical and biological terms
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate, an energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of organisms
Autopagy	A cellular maintenance process that causes the degradation of the damaged components, such as misfolded proteins or damaged organelles
BCAA	Branched-chain amino acid
BMR	Basal metabolic rate: the number of calories that the body needs to accomplish its most basic, life-sustaining functions
Child–Pugh Scoring System	Also known as the Child–Pugh–Turcotte Score, it predicts mortality in cirrhosis patients to guide the selection of patients who would benefit from surgery. A—good hepatic function, B—moderately impaired hepatic function, and C—advanced hepatic dysfunction
Cirrhosis	Appearance of the scars in the liver usually in the form of fibrous connective tissue caused by long-term liver damage
CR	Calorie restriction: means providing less calories to a subject
EEP	Excess entropy production
IF	Intermittent fasting: skipping meals without increasing the calories of the others
MUFA	Monounsaturated fatty acids
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: there is fat but no damage in the liver
NASH	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation
SFA	Saturated fatty acids
Steatosis	A largely harmless build-up of fat in the liver cells
Ubiquitination	An enzymatic process that involves the bonding of a ubiquitin protein to a substrate protein