Table 1.
Ref. | Numbers, Model, Age | Moulding Method | Probiotic Strains | CFU/Dose, Duration | Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[30] | 25, Dark Agouti rats, 30 d | TNBS | L. rhamnosus 64 | 3 × 106 CFU, daily, 27 d | damage score↓, immune cell infiltration↓, cytokine↓, MPO activity↓. |
[31] | 90, BALB/c mice, 7 w | DSS | L. rhamnosus 1.0320 | 2 × 108 CFU, daily, 28 d | the DAI score↓, hemoglobin content↑, MPO activity↓, IL-1β↓, IL-6↓, TNF-α↓ and IL-10↑. |
[32] | 48, Wistar rats, 10 w | Acid | L. rhamnosus EM1107 | 109 CFU, daily, 17 d | TNF-α↓, myeloperoxidase↓, IL-1β↓and oxidative stress↑. IL-17↓, NF-κB p65↓, MMP-2↓, MMP-9↓, and iNOS↓, SOCs-1↑, ZO-1↑ and mucin-2↑. |
[33] | 32, C57BL/6J mice, 6 w | DSS | L. rhamnosus LDTM 7511 | 109 CFU, daily, 14 d | colon length↑, spleen weight↓, Lcn-2↓, MPO↓, CRP↑, relatively intact colonic architecture, Chao1 index↑, Shannon index↑. |
[34] | 40, C57BL/6 mice, 8 w | DSS | L. rhamnosus L34 | 1 × 107 CFU, once every 3 d, 14 d | the gut local inflammation↓, gut-leakage severity↓, fecal dysbiosis↓ and systemic inflammation↓. |
[35] | 40, C57BL/6Cnc mice, 8 w | DSS | L. rhamnosus SHA113 | 109 CFU, 9 d | SCFA-producing genera↑, UC-related genera↓. |
[36] | 16, BALB/c mice, 6 w | DSS | L. rhamnosus OLL2838 | 107 CFU, 3 d | Body weight↑, and colon length↑, expression of zonula occludens-1 and myosin light-chain kinase↑ |
[37] | 40, C57BL/6J mice, 5 w | DSS | L. rhamnosus Hao9 | 109 CFU, 7 d | DAI↓, colon length↑, alleviated colonic pathological variations, histological scores↓, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β ↓, IL-10↑. |
[38] | 50, C57BL/6 mice | DNBS | L. rhamnosus I-3690 | 5 × 109 CFU, 10 d | macroscopic scores↓, cytokine levels↓, colon and ileum MPO activities↓ |
Damage score: Crude morphological scoring of the isolated colonic tissue [30]. Disease activity index (DAI) score: A composite score combining three conditions: percent weight loss, stool consistency, and stool bleeding [31]. DSS: dextran sulfate sodium salt; TNBS: trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid; MPO: myeloperoxidase; IL-: interleukin-; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-; MMP-: matrix metalloproteinase-; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1; CRP: C-reactive protein; Lcn-2: lipocalin– 2/NGAL;.