Table 2.
The details of research intervention and outcome indicators.
| Reference | Treatment Methods | Dosage | Outcome | Follow-Up | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | ||||
| Gladwell, V. 2006 [21] | Pilates | Ⅹ | 60 min/t, 1 t/w, 6 w | ①②③⑤ | - |
| Rydeard, R. 2006 [18] | Pilates | Ⅰ | 75 min/t, 3 t/w, 4 w | ① | 3 m, 6 m, 12 m |
| Wajswelner, H. 2012 [45] | Pilates | Ⅱ | 60 min/t, 2 t/w, 6 w | ①④ | 12 w, 24 w |
| Miyamoto, G.C. 2013 [23] | Pilates | Ⅹ | 2 t/w, 6 w | ①③ | 6 m |
| Notarnicola, A. 2014 [46] | Pilates | Ⅹ | 60 min/t, 5 t/w, 6 m | ②③④ | - |
| Mostagi, F.Q. 2015 [47] | Pilates | Ⅲ | 2 t/w, 8 w | ⑥ | 3 m |
| Natour, J. 2015 [48] | Pilates and Ⅳ | Ⅳ | 50 min/t, 2 t/w, 90 d | ①③④⑤ | 180 d |
| Akodu, A. 2016 [49] | Pilates | Ⅴ | 2 t/w, 4 w | ①③ | - |
| Cruz-Díaz, D. 2016 [50] | Pilates and Ⅲ | Ⅲ | 2 t/w, 6 w | ①② | 1 y |
| Cruz-Díaz, D. 2017 [36] | PMG/PAG | Ⅹ | 50 min/t, 2/w, 12 w | ①③ | - |
| Lopes, S. 2017 [22] | Pilates | Ⅹ | 20 min/t | ① | - |
| Mazloum, V. 2018 [12] | Pilates | Ⅹ | 3 t/w, 6 w | ①② | 10 w |
| Ying, Z. 2018 [51] | a:Pilates and Ⅵ b:Pilates |
Ⅵ | 5 t/w, 8 w | ①③ | - |
| Minghui, L. 2019 [52] | Pilates and Ⅶ | Ⅶ | 30 min/t, 5 t/w, 4 w | ①② | - |
| Baskan, Ö. 2021 [19] | Pilates | Ⅱ | 45 min/t, 3 times/w, 8 w | ①② | - |
| Batıbay, S. 2021 [53] | Pilates | Ⅱ | 60 min/t, 3 t/w, 8 w | ①②④⑤⑥ | - |
| Yang, C. 2021 [54] | Pilates and Ⅷ | Ⅷ | 60 min/t, 2 t/w, 8 w | ①③ | 26 w |
| Fei, W. 2022 [55] | Pilates and Ⅸ | Ⅸ | 30 min/t, 6 t/w, 4 w | ①② | - |
| Manman, M. 2022 [20] | Pilates and Ⅷ | Ⅷ | 30 min/t, 5 t/w, 4 w | ①② | - |
Abbreviations are as follows: t = time, d = day, w = week, m = month, y = year; “-” indicates not mentioned; T = trial group, C = control group; a, tendon puncture combined with Pilates; b, Pilates alone; PAG, Pilates with apparatus group; PMG, Pilates mat group;Ⅰ, usual care; Ⅱ, home exercise; Ⅲ, physical therapy treatment; Ⅳ, standardized education program; Ⅴ, infra-red radiation and back care; Ⅵ, tendon puncture; Ⅶ, suspension training method, Ⅷ: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; Ⅸ, massage; Ⅹ, no treatment. ① Pain Scale (VAS/NRS); ② Oswestry disability index, ODI; ③ Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire, RMDQ; ④ 36-item Short-Form, SF-36; ⑤ sit-and-reach test; ⑥ Quebec Back in Disability Scale, QBPDS.