Table 1.
Authors and study information.
| Authors | Country | Year | Study setting | LMICs/HMICs | Design | Sample Size | Male | Female | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ChannaJayasumana et al. [20] | Sri Lanka | 2015 | Hospital | LMICs | Case-control | 305 | 98 | 82 | Mean (SD) = 45.51 (19.78) years |
| VanDervort DR. [21] | El-Salvador | 2014 | Community | LMICs | Cross-sectional | 24,726 | NA | NA | NA |
| SA. Hamilton et al. [22] | Malawi | 2020 | Community | LMICs | Cross-sectional | 821 | 317 | 504 | Mean (SD) = 33.5 (12.7) years |
| M Gonzalez et al. [23] | Nicaragua | 2018 | Community | LMICs | Cohort | 350 | 263 | 87 | Age range = 18–30 years, Mean (SD) = 23.9 (3.7) years |
| E Siriwardhana et al. [24] | Sri Lanka | 2015 | Community | LMICs | Case-control | 200 | 59 | 41 | Mean (SD) = 47.8 (9.6) years |
| N Jayatilake et al. [16] | Sri Lanka | 2013 | Community | LMICs | cross-sectional | 627 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Mean (SD) = 39.1 (14.2) years |
| S Nanayakkara [25] | Sri Lanka | 2014 | Community | LMICs | Case-control | 311 | 311 (total male) | 0 | Mean (SD) =46.6 (9.0) years |
| L Lopez et al. [26] | El-Salvador | 2014 | Hospital | LMICs | Cross-sectional | 46 | 36 | 10 | Mean =45 years |
| T Rango et al. [27] | Sri Lanka | 2015 | Community | LMICs | Case-control | 134 | 82 | 52 | Mean (SD)= 37.5 (16.6) years |
| K Gobalarajah et al. [28] | Sri Lanka | 2020 | Community | LMICs | Cross-sectional | 35 | 28 | 7 | Age range = 30–80 years |
| S Mascarenhas et al. [29] | India | 2017 | Community | LMICs | Cohort | 266 | 58 | 56 | Not mentioned |
| JM jayaseka ra et al. [30] | Sri Lanka | 2013 | Community | LMICs | Cross-sectional | 863 | 609 | 254 | Mean (SD)= 54.7 (8) years |
| E Siriwardhana et al. [31] | Sri Lanka | 2014 | Hospital | LMICs | case-control | 200 | 59 | 41 | Mean (SD)= 46.3 ( 5.9) years |
| MA Jayasumana [32] | Sri Lanka | 2013 | Community | LMICs | Case-control | 305 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| R Osorio et al. [33] | Mexico | 2012 | Community-based | LMICs | cross-sectional | 90 | 20 | 70 | Mean (SD) = 40.9 (12.9) years |
| X Xing et al. [34] | China | 2015 | Hospital | LMICs | Cross-sectional | 700 | 150 | 91 | Mean (SD) = 45.02 (15.97) years |
| R Chandrajith et al. [35] | Sri Lanka | 2010 | Community | LMICs | case-control | 135 | NA | NA | NA |
| M Selvarajah et al. [36] | Sri Lanka | 2016 | Hospital | LMICs | Cross-sectional | 125 | 92 | 33 | Mean (SD) = 46.2 (11.64)years |
| Nanayakkara et al. [37] | Sri Lanka | 2012 | Community | LMICs | Case control | 237 | 73 | 33 | Mean (SD) = [stage1 = 29 (12), stage2 = 45 (7), stage3 = 44 (13), stage4 = 50 (7), stage5 =4 9 (14)] |
| N Athuraliya et al [38] | Sri Lanka | 2011 | Community | LMICs | Cross-sectional | 6153 | 66 | 43 | Mean (SD) = 45.05 (14.79) years |
| de Silva MW et al. [39] | Sri Lanka | 2017 | Community | LMICs | Case-control | 548 | 184 | 90 | Mean (SD) = 56.1 (10.9) years |
| S Wijetunge et al. [40] | Sri Lanka | 2013 | Community | LMICs | Retrospective cohort | 211 | 153 | 58 | Mean (SD) = 36.8 (14) years |
| Siddarth et al. [41] | India | 2013 | Hospital | LMICs | case-control | 668 | 170 | 164 | Mean (SD) = 46.0 (7.3) years |
| B Guttierrez et al. [42] | Mexico | 2013 | Hospital | LMICs | Case-control | 235 | 178 | 57 | Mean (SD) = 29.24 (15.48) years |
| S Sayanthooran et al. [43] | Sri Lanka | 2017 | Community | LMICs | Case-control | 60 | 51 | 9 | Mean age = 51 (12) years |