Figure 4.

Phospholipid-inspired cartilage-like hydrogels. (A) Illustration of the self-lubricating and lipid-incorporated hydrogel. The incorporated lipids formed micro-reservoirs throughout the gel bulk, and additional micro-reservoirs were exposed due to friction, which enabled the boundary lubrication layer of the lipids to form on the surface, leading to a reduction in friction via hydration lubrication. Reprinted with permission from Ref [67]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (B) Schematic illustrating of the formation PMS-HSPC(SUV)-HA hydrogel and the synergistic lubrication mechanism. The super-lubricated state after the incorporation of lipid SUV and HA was mainly attributed to the synergistic lubrication effect between lipids and HA after the formation of uniformly arranged lipid liposomes around the HA structure. Reprinted with permission from Ref [65]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (C) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of lipid-lubricated hydrogels with biocompatible, high-strength lipid-lubrication performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref [66]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier.