Table 2.

Health status and health behavior.

Characteristics		Driving						X2 3/H 4	p-Value
		Current Drivers		Past But Not Current Drivers		No Driver’s License
		N 5/M 1	%/SD 2	N/M	%/SD	N/M	%/SD
Doctor’s diagnosis of hypertension	Yes	1134	52.3	899	57.9	3710	59.2	31.204	<0.001
	No	1034	47.7	653	42.1	2560	40.8
Treatment of hypertension	Yes	1121	98.9	893	99.3	3657	98.6	3.518	0.172
	No	13	1.1	6	0.7	53	1.4
Doctor’s diagnosis of stroke (Stroke, cerebral infarction)	Yes	37	1.7	81	5.2	295	4.7	41.999	<0.001
	No	2131	98.3	1471	94.8	5975	95.3
Treatment of stroke (Stroke, cerebral infarction)	Yes	37	100.0	80	98.8	285	96.6	2.251	0.325
	No	0	0.0	1	1.2	10	3.4
Doctor’s diagnosis of hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia)	Yes	324	14.9	193	12.4	1188	18.9	46.082	<0.001
	No	1844	85.1	1359	87.6	5082	81.1
Treatment of hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia)	Yes	313	96.6	190	98.4	1164	98.0	2.662	0.264
	No	11	3.4	3	1.6	24	2.0
Doctor’s diagnosis of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction	Yes	76	3.5	69	4.4	312	5.0	8.050	0.018
	No	2092	96.5	1483	95.6	5958	95.0
Treatment of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction	Yes	74	97.4	67	97.1	306	98.1	0.335	0.846
	No	2	2.6	2	2.9	6	1.9
Doctor’s diagnosis of heart diseases	Yes	65	3.0	63	4.1	329	5.2	19.785	<0.001
	No	2103	97.0	1489	95.9	5941	94.8
Treatment of heart diseases	Yes	63	96.9	62	98.4	327	99.4	3.222	0.200
	No	2	3.1	1	1.6	2	0.6
Doctor’s diagnosis of diabetes	Yes	421	19.4	401	25.8	1581	25.2	32.829	<0.001
	No	1747	80.6	1151	74.2	4689	74.8
Treatment of diabetes	Yes	419	99.5	401	100.0	1557	98.5	8.644	0.013
	No	2	0.5	0	0.0	24	1.5
Doctor’s diagnosis of thyroid disease	Yes	36	1.7	38	2.4	235	3.7	25.968	<0.001
	No	2132	98.3	1514	97.6	6035	96.3
Treatment of thyroid disease	Yes	34	94.4	37	97.4	231	98.3	2.120	0.346
	No	2	5.6	1	2.6	4	1.7
Doctor’s diagnosis of osteoarthritis (Degenerative arthritis)	Yes	140	6.5	143	9.2	1288	20.5	299.936	<0.001
	No	2028	93.5	1409	90.8	4982	79.5
Treatment of osteoarthritis (Degenerative arthritis)	Yes	126	90.0	133	93.0	1193	92.6	1.318	0.517
	No	14	10.0	10	7.0	95	7.4
Doctor’s diagnosis of osteoporosis	Yes	50	2.3	73	4.7	701	11.2	198.134	<0.001
	No	2118	97.7	1479	95.3	5569	88.8
Treatment of osteoporosis	Yes	44	88.0	68	93.2	650	92.7	1.550	0.461
	No	6	12.0	5	6.8	51	7.3
Doctor’s diagnosis of low back pain and sciatica	Yes	75	3.5	95	6.1	776	12.4	173.448	<0.001
	No	2093	96.5	1457	93.9	5494	87.6
Treatment of low back pain and sciatica	Yes	63	84.0	88	92.6	651	83.9	5.048	0.080
	No	12	16.0	7	7.4	125	16.1
Doctor’s diagnosis of fracture, dislocation, and aftereffects of accidents	Yes	17	0.8	19	1.2	93	1.5	6.242	0.044
	No	2151	99.2	1533	98.8	6177	98.5
Treatment of fracture, dislocation, and aftereffects of accidents	Yes	15	88.2	16	84.2	83	89.2	0.390	0.823
	No	2	11.8	3	15.8	10	10.8
Doctor’s diagnosis of fracture, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema	Yes	37	1.7	34	2.2	51	0.8	24.973	<0.001
	No	2131	98.3	1518	97.8	6219	99.2
Treatment of chronic bronchitis and emphysema	Yes	34	91.9	33	97.1	45	88.2	2.111	0.348
	No	3	8.1	1	2.9	6	11.8
Doctor’s diagnosis of asthma	Yes	19	0.9	40	2.6	116	1.9	16.151	<0.001
	No	2149	99.1	1512	97.4	6154	98.1
Treatment of asthma	Yes	17	89.5	37	92.5	110	94.8	0.924	0.630
	No	2	10.5	3	7.5	6	5.2
Doctor’s diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis	Yes	1	0.0	4	0.3	7	0.1	3.477	0.176
	No	2167	100.0	1548	99.7	6263	99.9
Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis	Yes	0	0.0	3	75.0	7	100.0	6.600	0.037
	No	1	100.0	1	25.0	0	0.0
Doctor’s diagnosis of depression	Yes	6	0.3	22	1.4	113	1.8	26.942	<0.001
	No	2162	99.7	1530	98.6	6157	98.2
Treatment of depression	Yes	6	100.0	18	81.8	100	88.5	1.634	0.442
	No	0	0.0	4	18.2	13	11.5
Doctor’s diagnosis of dementia	Yes	8	0.4	27	1.7	137	2.2	31.401	<0.001
	No	2160	99.6	1525	98.3	6133	97.8
Treatment of dementia	Yes	7	87.5	27	100.0	131	95.6	2.635	0.268
	No	1	12.5	0	0.0	6	4.4
Doctor’s diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease	Yes	0	0.0	17	1.1	32	0.5	22.371	<0.001
	No	2168	100.0	1535	98.9	6238	99.5
Treatment of Parkinson’s disease	Yes	0	0.0	17	100.0	32	100.0	-	-
	No	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Doctor’s diagnosis of insomnia	Yes	29	1.3	31	2.0	130	2.1	4.764	0.092
	No	2139	98.7	1521	98.0	6140	97.9
Treatment of insomnia	Yes	22	75.9	25	80.6	106	81.5	0.488	0.784
	No	7	24.1	6	19.4	24	18.5
Doctor’s diagnosis of cataract	Yes	93	4.3	70	4.5	282	4.5	0.177	0.915
	No	2075	95.7	1482	95.5	5988	95.5
Treatment of cataract	Yes	78	83.9	57	81.4	205	72.7	6.008	0.050
	No	15	16.1	13	18.6	77	27.3
Doctor’s diagnosis of glaucoma	Yes	18	0.8	21	1.4	50	0.8	4.465	0.107
	No	2150	99.2	1531	98.6	6220	99.2
Treatment of glaucoma	Yes	14	77.8	20	95.2	40	80.0	2.914	0.233
	No	4	22.2	1	4.8	10	20.0
Doctor’s diagnosis of chronic otitis media	Yes	16	0.7	13	0.8	27	0.4	5.261	0.072
	No	2152	99.3	1539	99.2	6243	99.6
Treatment of chronic otitis media	Yes	16	100.0	13	100.0	26	96.3	1.094	0.579
	No	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.7
Doctor’s diagnosis of senile deafness	Yes	15	0.7	48	3.1	146	2.3	30.050	<0.001
	No	2153	99.3	1504	96.9	6124	97.7
Treatment of senile deafness	Yes	9	60.0	33	68.8	83	56.8	2.129	0.345
	No	6	40.0	15	31.3	63	43.2
Doctor’s diagnosis of skin disease	Yes	23	1.1	15	1.0	29	0.5	11.072	0.004
	No	2145	98.9	1537	99.0	6241	99.5
Treatment of skin disease	Yes	20	87.0	15	100.0	23	79.3	3.478	0.173
	No	3	13.0	0	0.0	6	20.7
Doctor’s diagnosis of cancer (malignant neoplasm)	Yes	33	1.5	39	2.5	95	1.5	7.911	0.019
	No	2135	98.5	1513	97.5	6175	98.5
Treatment of cancer (malignant neoplasm)	Yes	30	90.9	36	92.3	81	85.3	1.345	0.548
	No	3	9.1	3	7.7	14	14.7
Doctor’s diagnosis of gastroduodenal ulcer	Yes	94	4.3	69	4.4	272	4.3	0.037	0.982
	No	2074	95.7	1483	95.6	5998	95.7
Treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer	Yes	90	95.7	66	95.7	253	93.0	1.314	0.518
	No	4	4.3	3	4.3	19	7.0
Doctor’s diagnosis of hepatitis	Yes	6	0.3	5	0.3	22	0.4	0.273	0.873
	No	2162	99.7	1547	99.7	6248	99.6
Treatment of hepatitis	Yes	5	83.3	3	60.0	21	95.5	4.675	0.056
	No	1	16.7	2	40.0	1	4.5
Doctor’s diagnosis of liver cirrhosis	Yes	5	0.2	11	0.7	15	0.2	9.434	0.009
	No	2163	99.8	1541	99.3	6255	99.8
Treatment of liver cirrhosis	Yes	5	100.0	11	100.0	14	93.3	1.428	1.000
	No	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	6.7
Doctor’s diagnosis of chronic kidney disease	Yes	9	0.4	30	1.9	55	0.9	23.091	<0.001
	No	2159	99.6	1522	98.1	6215	99.1
Treatment of chronic kidney disease	Yes	9	100.0	28	93.3	54	98.2	1.663	0.472
	No	0	0.0	2	6.7	1	1.8
Doctor’s diagnosis of prostatic hyperplasia	Yes	118	5.4	123	7.9	100	1.6	185.803	<0.001
	No	2050	94.6	1429	92.1	6170	98.4
Treatment of prostatic hyperplasia	Yes	110	93.2	119	96.7	97	97.0	2.440	0.295
	No	8	6.8	4	3.3	3	3.0
Doctor’s diagnosis of urinary incontinence	Yes	19	0.9	27	1.7	266	4.2	71.951	<0.001
	No	2149	99.1	1525	98.3	6004	95.8
Treatment of urinary incontinence	Yes	9	47.4	18	66.7	125	47.0	3.812	0.419
	No	10	52.6	9	33.3	141	53.0
Doctor’s diagnosis of anemia	Yes	13	0.6	23	1.5	93	1.5	10.392	0.006
	No	2155	99.4	1529	98.5	6177	98.5
Treatment of anemia	Yes	10	76.9	22	95.7	76	81.7	3.279	0.175
	No	3	23.1	1	4.3	17	18.3
Doctor’s diagnosis of ETC	Yes	40	1.8	24	1.5	128	2.0	1.704	0.426
	No	2128	98.2	1528	98.5	6142	98.0
Treatment of ETC	Yes	36	90.0	24	100.0	122	95.3	2.670	0.273
	No	4	10.0	0	0.0	6	4.7
Doctor’s diagnosis total number		1.37	1.24	1.78	1.50	2.02	1.50	356.311	<0.001
Prescription medication that currently taking for more than 3 months		1.31	1.20	1.78	1.74	1.94	1.55	315.923	<0.001

¹ M: average, ² SD: standard deviation, ³ X²: Chi-square test, ⁴ H: Kruskal-Wallis test, ⁵ N: frequency, p-value < 0.05.