Figure 5.

Caffeine and istradefylline variably improve the aberrant locomotor behavior of goa-1 mutants. (A) Two hours of exposure to caffeine ameliorated the hyperactive locomotion of knock-in animals in terms of the number of short reversals per minute in a dose-dependent manner (*** p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction). (B) Exposure to istradefylline (2 h) decreased the reversal rate of goa-1[R209H] worms (* p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.0001) but not goa-1[E246K] animals, suggesting that caffeine also acts through an AR-independent mechanism. Results are also provided as the percentage of rescue (see Materials and Methods for details). Twenty animals for each genotype were tested. Data represent the means ± SEM of multiple observations.