Table 2.
Overview of Helichrysum italicum major bioactive compounds obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction.
| Major Compounds | Extraction Temperature (°C) | Extraction Pressure (bar) | Extraction Time (h) |
Yield (%) | Identification Method |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Monoterpenes α-Pinene, nerol, neryl acetate, and neryl propanoate Sesquiterpenes α–Selinene, β-selinene, γ-curcumene, nerolidol, acetate *, widdrol *, β-eudesmol* eudesm-5-en-11-ol *, waxes * |
40–60 | 100–200 | 1.5 | 1.37–4.1 | GC-FID, GC-MS | [60] |
| 40 | 150 | 1.7 | 5.7 | GC-FID, GC-MS | [62] | |
| 50 | 90 | 2–4 | 0.4–1 | GC-MS | [63] | |
| 40 | 80–350 | 3 | 0.35 | GC, GC-MS | [64] | |
| 40 | 90–120 | - | 0.36–0.60 | GC-FID, GC-MS | [65] | |
| 40 | 350 | 5.5 | 3.60 ± 0.23 7.14 ± 0.58 * |
GC-FID, GC-MS | [66] | |
|
Polyphenolic compounds Pyrogallol, chlorogenic acid derivatives, naringenin, pinocembrin, arzanol *, gentisic acid *, caffeic acid *, luteolin *, tiliroside *, quercetin *, kaempferol *, and apigenin * |
40 | 350 | 5.5 | 3.60 ± 0.23 7.14 ± 0.58 * |
HPLC-MS | [66] |
| Scopoletin | 35.86–64.14 | 79.3–220.7 | 1.5 | 0.43–6.31 | HPLC, UV-VIS | [67] |
* SFE with the addition of cosolvent ethanol.