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. 2023 Feb 25;9(3):e14086. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14086

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Chronic inflammation induced by viral proteins anchored to plasma membranes. 1: Recognition of the viral particle by the membrane receptor. 2: Entry of viral genetic material into the cytoplasm. 3: Integration of the viral genome into the genome (chromosome) of the host. 4: Expression of viral genetic elements. 5: Anchoring of viral proteins in the plasma membrane and stimulation of the immune response.