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. 2023 Jan 3;42(9):665–678. doi: 10.1038/s41388-022-02588-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A Multiple fecundity cells in a type 2 organoid were decellularized. Gray: cell membrane, LCK-GFP. Magenta: nuclei, H2B-mCherry. Grayscale images of LCK-GFP fluorescence for visualizing the cell membrane envelopes of the host PGCC and its fecundity cells. White arrows in panel a point to a representative fecundity cell. Cyan arrows in panels b–f point to the giant nucleus generated by the released nuclei from the fecundity cells via nuclear fusion. The time format is hours: minutes: seconds. Bar equals 20 μm. B An amitotic mechanism (nuclear budding) generates a fecundity cell in a mononucleated PGCC. a–f Top panels, Gray: cell membrane, LCK-GFP. Magenta: nuclei, H2B-mCherry. a–f Bottom panels: Color-coded images of H2B-mCherry fluorescence. The regions of high fluorescence intensity indicate the locations of the formation of fecundity cells. White arrows: the extruding chromatin aggregate on the giant nucleus. The time format is hours: minutes: seconds. Bar equals 20 μm. C Time-lapse images demonstrate entosis events between two type 2 organoids. Top panels: merged fluorescence images of the cell membrane (LCK-GFP, grayscale) and nuclei (H2B-mCherry, magenta). Bottom panels: color-coded H2B-mCherry fluorescence images for monitoring nuclear status, such as condensed chromosomes. Z1 and Z2 indicate the Z-slice position of the current image. Green arrows: diploid cells gradually migrated to the organoids; white arrows: the “invasion front” of the OGN1 after infiltrating OGN2. Three prominent layers of the fecundity structure are marked by 1*, 2*, and 3*. The time format is hours: minutes: seconds. Bars equal 20 μm.