Table 3.

Subgroup analysis of the effect of interventions on caregivers' QOL.

	Studies included	N	SMD	95%CI	p	I2
Intervention methods
Face-to-face	[29,30]	155	0.97	[0.19,1.75]	0.02	79%
Non-face-to-face	[28]	57	0.20	[-0.32,0.72]	0.46
Mixd-methods	[26,34]	124	1.45	[0.86,2.05]	<0.01	54%
Relationship to patients
Spouses or partners	[28,30,34]	164	0.83	[-0.10,1.75]	0.08	87%
Other relatives	[26,29]	172	1.28	[0.95,1.60]	<0.01	0%
Follow-up durations
<3 months	[26,28]	121	0.68	[-0.27,1.63]	0.16	85%
≥3months	[29,30,34]	215	1.22	[0.58,1.86]	<0.01	77%

Note. SMD = standardized mean difference; Cl = confidence interval.