Table 3.
Risk factors for significant and advanced fibrosis recurrence.
| Significant fibrosis (grade ≥2) |
Advanced fibrosis (grade 3-4) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate p value | Multivariate analysis |
Univariate p value | Multivariate analysis |
|||
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |||
| Clinical characteristics before LT | ||||||
| Sex (M/F) | 0.850 | 0.691 | ||||
| Age at LT time | 0.034 | 0.008 | ||||
| Age ≥50 years | 0.105 | 0.0001 | 6.436 (0.316-103.912)∗ | 0.226∗ | ||
| Age ≥55 years | 0.160 | 0.001 | 2.083(0.249-17.411)∗ | 0.498∗ | ||
| Age ≥60 years | 0.068 | 0.422 (0.201-0.889) | 0.023 | 0.022 | 0.492 (0.076-3.186)∗ | 0.457∗ |
| Age ≥62 years | 0.101 | 0.066 | 0.965 (0.153-6.069)∗ | 0.970∗ | ||
| Age ≥65 years | 0.214 | 0.225 | ||||
| BMI at LT time | 0.121 | 0.068 | ||||
| ≥20 kg/m2 | 0.530 | 0.873 | ||||
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 0.628 | 0.059 | ||||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 0.080 | 1.161 (0.417-3.233)∗ | 0.775∗ | 0.005 | 4.546 (0.154-112.25)∗∗ | 0.952∗∗ |
| ≥31 kg/m2 | 0.013 | 1.569 (0.580-4.243)∗ | 0.375∗ | 0.006 | 3.848 (0.268-55.191)∗∗ | 0.321∗∗ |
| ≥32 kg/m2 | 0.007 | 1.738 (0.657-4.594)∗ | 0.265∗ | 0.005 | 1.591 (0.001-2486)∗∗ | 0.902∗∗ |
| ≥35 kg/m2 | 0.289 | 0.688 | ||||
| HCC pre-LT | 0.285 | 0.016 | 0.175 (0.016-1.896) | 0.152 | ||
| Pre-LT diabetes | 0.378 | 0.413 | ||||
| Pre-LT HbA1c ≥7% | 0.246 | 0.826 | ||||
| Pre-LT insulin therapy | 0.600 | 0.646 | ||||
| Pre-LT arterial hypertension | 0.733 | 0.187 | ||||
| Pre-LT metabolic syndrome | 0.425 | 0.069 | 8.550 (1.125-64.983) | 0.038 | ||
| Active smoking before LT | 0.677 | 0.447 | ||||
| Donor characteristics | ||||||
| Age of the donor (years) | 0.074 | 0.552 | ||||
| Age ≥60 years | 0.713 | 0.828 | ||||
| Age ≥70 years | 0.648 | 0.868 | ||||
| Donor age + recipients age (years) | 0.016 | 0.099 | ||||
| ≥120 years | 0.376 | 0.476 | ||||
| ≥135 years | 0.648 | 0.452 | ||||
| Donor BMI (kg/m2) | 0.170 | 0.161 | ||||
| Graft steatosis (≥5%) | 0.005 | 1.894 (0.915-3.923)∗∗ | 0.086∗∗ | 0.099 | 4.454 (1.257-103.209) | 0.126 |
| Grade ≥2 steatosis | 0.028 | 2.837 (1.266-6.358)∗∗ | 0.011∗∗ | 0.605 | ||
| Metabolic events after LT | ||||||
| BMI at 1 year after LT | 0.121 | 0.019 | ||||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 0.007 | 1.198 (0.443-3.240)∗∗∗ | 0.723∗∗∗ | 0.001 | 3.578 (0.002-6102) | 0.737 |
| ≥32 kg/m2 | 0.013 | 1.547 (0.679-3.525)∗∗∗ | 0.299∗∗∗ | 0.059 | ||
| ≥35 kg/m2 | 0.130 | 0.160 | ||||
| Weight difference 1-year post-LT (kg) | 0.923 | 0.458 | ||||
| Diabetes post-LT | 0.499 | 0.999 | ||||
| Arterial hypertension post-LT | 0.609 | 0.634 | ||||
| TG ≥1.7 mmol/L post-LT | 0.353 | 0.363 | ||||
| LDL-c ≥3.70 mmol/L post-LT | 0.244 | 0.890 | ||||
| HDL-c <1.15 mmol/L | 0.726 | 0.937 | ||||
| HbA1c ≥6.5% | 0.127 | 0.324 | ||||
| HbA1c ≥7% | 0.190 | 0.606 | ||||
| HbA1c ≥8% | 0.249 | 0.109 | ||||
| Insulin therapy | 0.901 | 0.420 | ||||
| Metabolic syndrome post-LT | 0.641 | 0.739 | ||||
| Immunosuppressive regimen | ||||||
| Tacrolimus | 0.370 | 0.756 | ||||
| MMF | 0.738 | 0.971 | ||||
| CYA | 0.990 | 0.005 | 11.388 (1.257-103.209) | 0.031 | ||
| mTOR-i | 0.554 | 0.466 | ||||
| CST | 0.277 | 0.934 | ||||
| AZA | 0.681 | 0.873 | ||||
| CNI-free therapy | 0.370 | 0.756 | ||||
| Specifics therapies after LT | ||||||
| Statin therapy | 0.290 | 0.840 | ||||
| Fibrate therapy | 0.733 | 0.769 | ||||
| Insulin therapy | 0.901 | 0.420 | ||||
| Dyslipidemia or lipid drugs | 0.681 | 0.680 | ||||
| Complications after LT | ||||||
| OSAS | 0.650 | 0.954 | ||||
| Acute rejection | 0.973 | 0.656 | ||||
| Disease recurrence on the graft at 1 year | ||||||
| Grade ≥1 steatosis | 0.0001 | 5.373 (1.593-18.121)∗∗∗∗ | 0.007∗∗∗∗ | 0.103 | ||
| Grade ≥2 steatosis | 0.0001 | 3.564 (1.605-7.917)∗∗∗∗ | 0.002∗∗∗∗ | 0.001 | 10.720 (1.006-114.259) | 0.049 |
| Grade 3 steatosis | 0.001 | 4.596 (1.630-12.961)∗∗∗∗ | 0.004∗∗∗∗ | 0.109 | ||
| NASH recurrence | 0.0001 | 5.217 (2.013-13.519)∗∗∗∗ | 0.001∗∗∗∗ | 0.131 | ||
Univariate analysis was performed using log-rank analysis or Mann-Whitney analysis (for quantitative variables). All significant variables in the univariate analysis with a level set at p <0.1 were incorporated into multivariate models analyzed with binary logistic Cox regression. Values in bold are considered significant (<0.005).
Each variable was tested in univariate analysis. All variables with a p value < 0.010 were retained for the multivariate model.
AZA, azathioprine; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; CST, corticosteroids; CYA, cyclosporine A; CV, cardiovascular; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LT, liver transplantation; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; mTOR-i, mTOR inhibitor; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; TG, triglyceride.
Because these variables are not independent, different multivariate analysis models were tested.