FIG. 8.
Gadd153 increases cellular ROS production. Control (untreated) cells and cells treated with thapsigargin (1 μM, 24 h) or tunicamycin (1 μg/ml, 24 h) were incubated with H2DCF diacetate, which freely crosses cell membranes and is cleaved intracellularly to form the less membrane-permeative H2DCF. In the presence of ROS this dye is oxidized, producing a fluorescent product, DCF. Flow cytometry was used to analyze fluorescence in each cell population. ROS production, indicated as a rightward shift in peak fluorescence, was maximal in A94 cells, regardless of treatment. This experiment was repeated three times, and representative histograms are shown.