Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for continuous variables of interest, split by age and sex (n = 957)
| Time point | Variable | Males (n = 448) | Females (n = 509) | Sex Difference Test (F (1, 956)) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | Min | Max | M (SD) | Min | Max | |||
| Age 14 years | Age at assessment (years) | 14.40 (0.383) | 13.20 | 15.44 | 14.40 (0.382) | 13.26 | 15.45 | F = 0.006 |
| Mean PDS score | 2.6 (0.541) | 1 | 4 | 3.2 (0.413) | 1.6 | 4 | F = 421.049*** | |
| Family support | 6.8 (1.513) | 0 | 8 | 7 (1.325) | 0 | 8 | F = 5.340 | |
| Family socioeconomic stress | 0.6 (0.980) | 0 | 6 | 0.5 (0.916) | 0 | 5 | F = 1.482 | |
| LEQ total before age 14 | 5 (2.465) | 0 | 13 | 5.5 (2.738) | 0 | 16 | F = 10.010** | |
| Whole brain volume (mm3) | 1231347 (110543.553) | 672637 | 1562514 | 1110175.6 (99191.488) | 648827 | 1468714 | F = 34.104*** | |
| Left amygdala volume (mm3) | 1803.4 (228.592) | 947 | 2708.6 | 1624.6 (227.235) | 998.3 | 2386.1 | F = 0.925*** | |
| Right amygdala volume (mm3) | 1947 (269.733) | 1018 | 3023.5 | 1756.1 (249.246) | 902.3 | 2692.1 | F = 146.764*** | |
| Left vmPFC GMV (mm3) | 5816.8 (792.657) | 3514 | 8001 | 5294.4 (781.009) | 2987 | 8093 | F = 129.434*** | |
| Right vmPFC GMV (mm3) | 6028.4 (794.713) | 2880 | 8034 | 5549.7 (744.618) | 2603 | 7635 | F = 105.094*** | |
| Age 19 years | Age at assessment (years) | 18.90 (0.677) | 17.80 | 21.20 | 18.90 (0.699) | 17.90 | 22.44 | F = 0.712 |
| LEQ total age 14–19 | 4.4 (2.916) | 0 | 19 | 5.5 (3.096) | 0 | 17 | F = 92.425*** | |
| Total childhood trauma score | 6.6 (6.749) | 0 | 48 | 6.1 (7.718) | 0 | 64 | F = 319.401 | |
| Left amygdala volume (mm3) | 1888.908 (228.476) | 1298.4 | 2695.3 | 1677.5 (216.830) | 1125.3 | 2729.4 | F = 215.425*** | |
| Right amygdala volume (mm3) | 2025.356 (242.201) | 1226 | 2804.6 | 1797.6 (237.788) | 1181.7 | 2613.4 | F = 214.832*** | |
| Left vmPFC GMV (mm3) | 5519.324 (759.670) | 3207 | 8011 | 4927.8 (668.496) | 3349 | 7290 | F = 164.188*** | |
| Right vmPFC GMV (mm3) | 5729.364 (680.921) | 4028 | 7769 | 5245.7 (647.921) | 3410 | 7554 | F = 126.610*** | |
PDS Pubertal Development Score, LEQ Life Events Questionnaire, vmPFC ventromedial prefrontal cortex, GMV grey matter volume
Statistically significant difference between males and females:
**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001