Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Shock. 2023 Jan 5;59(2):247–255. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002052

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

A. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) induced by trauma and infection. Trauma and sepsis experience a similar SIRS state in their early stages. B Mechanistic pathways of NETosis. During the process of suicidal (non-infectious) NETosis, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) mediate the translocation of neutrophil elastase (NE) from cytosolic granules into the nucleus. By cleaving histones, NE facilities the chromatin breakdown and nuclear envelope breakdown resulting in the rupture of the neutrophil cytomembrane and release of NETs over several hours. The vital (infectious) NETosis induced by direct microbial exposure or neutrophil-platelet interaction can release NETs through nuclear budding rapidly over less than 30 minutes.