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. 2023 Jan 28;18(5):917–925. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.01.009

Table 2.

Within group analyses of outcomes in retro walking and forward walking.

Variable		Retro walking (n = 49)				Forward walking (n = 53)
Variable		Mean	SD	t	p value	Mean	SD	t	P value
BMI	Pre	33.92	2.80	20.244	<0.001∗	33.72	3.76	16.724	<0.001∗
BMI	Post	27.38	3.57	20.244	<0.001∗	30.15	4.55	16.724	<0.001∗
WHR	Pre	0.89	0.12	8.385	<0.001∗	0.86	0.07	13.095	<0.001∗
WHR	Post	0.78	0.09	8.385	<0.001∗	0.83	0.06	13.095	<0.001∗
WHtR	Pre	0.55	0.08	9.893	<0.001∗	0.59	0.07	11.96	<0.001∗
WHtR	Post	0.49	0.06	9.893	<0.001∗	0.54	0.06	11.96	<0.001∗
CRP	Pre	3.73	2.54	7.910	<0.001∗	3.74	2.24	6.153	<0.001∗
CRP	Post	1.56	1.09	7.910	<0.001∗	3.27	2.13	6.153	<0.001∗
Adiponectin	Pre	16.02	2.68	−17.767	<0.001∗	14.96	3.00	−21.254	<0.001∗
Adiponectin	Post	16.73	2.74	−17.767	<0.001∗	15.51	2.98	−21.254	<0.001∗

∗Significant p<0.05.

Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index, WHR: Waist to hip ratio, WHtR: Waist to height ratio, CRP: C-reactive protein.