Table 2.

Contemporary GRPR-targeted nanosystems for cancer imaging.

Nanocarrier	Target Condition	Imaging Modality	Reference
gold nanoparticles	breast cancer	X-ray imaging	[44]
	prostate cancer	CT imaging	[72]
		fluorescence imaging, CT imaging	[91]
		PET imaging, CT imaging	[92]
		microSPECT imaging, CT imaging	[23]
		microSPECT imaging, CT imaging	[22]
gold nanorods	breast cancer	PA imaging	[43]
	breast cancer, prostate cancer	-	[93]
iron oxide nanoparticles	breast cancer	MR imaging, NIR fluorescence imaging	[60]
		MR imaging, PET imaging	[54]
		PET imaging, CT imaging, MR imaging	[36]
		MR imaging	[45]
	pancreatic cancer	MR imaging	[70]
	prostate cancer	fluorescence imaging, MR imaging	[46]
			[71]
gadolinium oxide nanoparticles	prostate cancer	fluorescence imaging, MR imaging	[94]
quantum dots	-	fluorescence imaging	[74]
	prostate cancer	PET imaging, NIR fluorescence imaging	[32]
		PET imaging, CT imaging	[20]
liposomes	breast cancer	scintigraphy	[77]
	Ehrlich tumor		[75]
upconversion nanoparticles	prostate cancer	MR imaging, CT imaging, UC luminescence	[49]
graphene oxide	oral squamous cell carcinoma	fluorescence imaging	[40]
cowpea mosaic virus	prostate cancer	fluorescence imaging	[47]