Table 1.
Patient characteristics, treatment and outcomes.
| Variables | Patients |
|---|---|
| (n = 112) | |
| N (%) | |
| Center | |
| Brazil | 51 (46) |
| Spain | 43 (38) |
| Switzerland | 18 (16) |
| Age (years), median (range) | 55 (14–77) |
| Sex, male | 70 (63) |
| Underlying diseases | |
| Lung transplant | 44 (39) |
| AML | 37 (33) |
| ALL | 6 (5) |
| CLL | 4 (4) |
| CML | 3 (3) |
| Lymphoma | 10 (9) |
| Myeloma | 2 (2) |
| Solid tumor | 6 (5) |
| SCT prior to or during IFI | 34/111 (31) |
| Type of SCT | |
| Autologous | 6/34 (18) |
| Allogeneic | 28/34 (82) |
| Neutropenia at the onset of IFI | 42/111 (38) |
| Recovery from neutropenia during infection | 37/41 (90) |
| Steroid treatment | 72/111 (65) |
| Cumulative dose of steroids | |
| ≥600 mg (prednisone equivalent) | 49/71 (69) |
| <600 mg (prednisone equivalent) | 22/71 (31) |
| ICU at baseline | 17/109 (16) |
| Diagnosis of IFI | |
| Definite | 29 (26) |
| Probable | 51 (46) |
| Possible | 32 (28) |
| Organism of IFI | |
| Aspergillus | 88 (79) |
| Fusarium | 9 (8) |
| Mucor | 7 (6) |
| Trichosporon spp. | 3 (3) |
| Others | 5 (4) |
| Positive fungal culture | 53/98 (54) |
| Aspergillus spp. | 35 */52 (67) |
| Fusarium spp. | 5/52 (10) |
| Mucor spp. | 2 #/52 (4) |
| Candida spp. | 2/52 (4) |
| Trichosporon spp. | 2/52 (4) |
| Rhizopus spp. | 2 #/52 (2) |
| Scedosporium apiospermum | 2/52 (4) |
| Lichteimia | 1/52 (2) |
| Cryptococcus laurentii | 1/52 (2) |
| Magnusiomyces capitatus | 1/52 (2) |
| Primary therapy | |
| Isavuconazole | 34 (30) |
| Voriconazole | 35 (31) |
| Amphotericin B | 43 (38) |
| Study drug used in primary therapy | |
| Alone | 71 (63) |
| In combination | 41 (37) |
| Duration of primary therapy (days), median (IQR) | 53 (21–140) |
| Receiving salvage therapy & | 40 (36) |
| Amphotericin B | 11/40 (28) |
| Itraconazole | 1/40 (3) |
| Voriconazole | 21/40 (53) |
| Posaconazole | 1/40 (3) |
| Isavuconazole | 12/40 (30) |
| Echinocandins | 4/40 (10) |
| Response to primary therapy | |
| At week 6 | |
| Complete response | 38 (34) |
| Partial response | 41 (37) |
| Failure | 7 (6) |
| Stable | 7 (6) |
| Unknown or non-applicable (primary therapy ended before week 6) | 19 (17) |
| At week 12 | |
| Complete response | 46 (41) |
| Partial response | 26 (23) |
| Failure | 5 (4) |
| Stable | 4 (4) |
| Relapse | 1 (1) |
| Unknown or non-applicable (primary therapy ended before week 12) | 30 (27) |
| At end of therapy | |
| Complete response | 65 (58) |
| Partial response | 12 (11) |
| Failure | 16 (14) |
| Stable | 4 (4) |
| Relapse | 1 (1) |
| Unknown | 14 (13) |
| Adverse events related to primary therapy | 23 (21) |
| ≥2 LAK phosphatase | 6 (5) |
| ≥2 Bilirubin | 3 (3) |
| ≥Creatinine | 3 (3) |
| ≥SGPT | 9 (8) |
| High LFTS | 1 (1) |
| Renal failure | 5 (4) |
| Hallucination | 3 (3) |
| x 2 GAMMA GT | 6 (5) |
| Altered level of consciousness | 1 (1) |
| Adverse events resulting in drug modification | 15 (13) |
| Adverse events resolved after drug modification | 12/14 (86) |
| Mortality since IFI diagnosis | |
| All-cause death at week 6 | 10/110 (9) |
| IFI-attributable death at week 6 | 8/110 (7) |
| All-cause death at week 12 | 17/110 (15) |
| IFI-attributable death at week 12 | 13/110 (12) |
Note: * One patient infected with Aspergillus spp. was also infected with Pascylomyces. # One patient was infected by both of Mucor and Rhizopus spp. & Eight patients received more than one antifungal agents as salvage therapy. For any variable with data missing, the number of patients with data available for this variable was added as the denominator.