| ACE2 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
| FBS | foetal bovine serum |
| FDA | US Food and Drug Administration |
| GFP | Green Fluorescent Protein |
| HNEpC | human nasal primary cells |
| HPMC | hydroxypropyl methylcellulose |
| HPRT | hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 |
| MOI | multiplicity of infection |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
| PBS | phosphate buffered saline |
| ROS | radical oxygen species |
| SD | standard deviation |
| TMPRSS2 | transmembrane serine protease 2 |
| TPmix | tocopherol and tocotrienol |
| UA | usnic acid |
| Vero E6 | African green monkey kidney cell line |
| VSV | recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus |
| β-CD | 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin |