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. 2023 Feb 4;24(4):3126. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043126

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Diagram illustrating the main neurotransmitters and membrane receptors expressed on retinal cells. In the retina, Glutamate (Glu) released from photoreceptors (rods and cones) acts on APB-sensitive metabotropic glutamate receptor type 6 (mGluR6) expressed by ON-type Rod Bipolar Cells (RBC) and Cone Bipolar Cells (CBC) and DNQX-sensitive ionotropic receptor expressed by OFF-type CBC. Glutamate released from CBC act on DNQX-sensitive ionotropic receptor expressed by Ganglion cells (GC). Glutamate released from RBC act on DNQX-sensitive ionotropic receptor expressed by AII, and A17 amacrine cells. GABA released by Horizontal cells (HC) and A17 Amacrine cells acts on Bicuculine and TPMPA-sensitive ionotropic GABAA and GABAC receptors expressed by RBC. Glycine released by AII Amacrine cell acts on Strychnine (STR) sensitive ionotropic receptor expressed by RBC and OFF-CBC. OS: outer segments of photoreceptors; ONL: outer nuclear layer; OPL: outer plexiform layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; and GCL: ganglion cells layer. Inset: detail of the reciprocal synapse between RBC, AII, and A17 Amacrine cells. GlyR: Glycine Receptor; GluR: Glutamate Receptor; GABAAR: GABAA Receptor; GABACR: GABAC Receptor.