Table 4.
Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence genes, and biofilm-forming ability of 36 colistin-resistant E. coli isolates recovered from bovine mastitis, calves’ diarrhea, and avian colibacillosis in Tunisia.
| Strain ID | Farm | Animal Pathology |
Resistance Phenotypic Profile | Resistance Genes | Virulence Genes | Biofilm Formation |
Phylo-Group | ERIC Profile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E12 a | FI | AC | AMP/CFZ/NA/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | mcr-1, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-g-1, aadA, tetA, dfrAI | fimA, stx1, aer | SBF | A1 | J |
| E13 a | FI | AC | AMP/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/ENR/CST b | mcr-1, blaCTX-M-g-1, floR | fimA, stx2 | SBF | B23 | F |
| E15 a | FI | AC | ATM/AMP/AMC/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/CHL/ENR/ETP/MEM/NA/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | mcr-1, blaCTX-M-g-1, tetA, aadA, floR, strA, dfrAI | fimA | SBF | D2 | C |
| E17 a | FI | AC | ATM/AMP/AMC/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/CHL/ENR/GN/NA/STR/TET/XNL/CST b | mcr-1, tetA, blaCTX-M-g-1 | --- | MBF | A1 | F |
| E2 a | FI | AC | AMP/CFZ/CHL/ENR/MEM/NA/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | mcr-1, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, cmlA | fimA, stx1, stx2, aer, papC | SBF | B23 | G |
| E28 a | FI | AC | AMP/CFZ/CHL/STR/TET/XNL/CST b | mcr-1, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-g-1, aadA, tetA, strA | fimA, aer | NBF | B23 | G |
| E46 a | FI | AC | AMP/CFZ/CHL/ENR/NA/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | mcr-1, blaCTX-M-1 | fimA, aer | SBF | B23 | E |
| E48 | FI | AC | ATM/AMC/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/NA/STR/TET/CST b | dfrAI, aadA | aer | SBF | B23 | F |
| E50 a | FI | AC | ATM/AMP/AMC/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/ENR/MEM/NA/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | mcr-1, blaCTX-M-g-1, floR, strA, dfrAI | fimA, aer | NBF | B23 | G |
| E31 a | FII | AC | CFZ/CHL/MEM/NA/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | mcr-1 | fimA, aer | SBF | B22 | F |
| E41 | FIII | AC | ATM/AMC/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/ENR/NA/SXT/TET/CST b | tetA | --- | SBF | D1 | C |
| E9 a | FIII | AC | AMP/CFZ/CHL/ENR/MEM/NA/STR/SXT/TET/XNL/CST b | mcr-1, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-1, aadA, floR, strB, dfrAI | fimA | NBF | B22 | G |
| D22 a | FIV | DC | AMP/AMC/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/CHL/ENR/GN/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | blaTEM, aadA, tetA, sul1, dfrAI | --- | NBF | A1 | K |
| L1 | FIV | BM | CAZ/CFZ/STR/CST b | aadA | fimA, cnf1, papC | SBF | A1 | A |
| L7 a | FIV | BM | AMP/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/CST b | blaTEM, aadA | fimA, cnf1, papC | SBF | A1 | A |
| L9 a | FIV | BM | AMP/CAZ/CFZ/STR/CST b | blaTEM, aadA | fimA, cnf1, papC | SBF | A1 | A |
| L12 a | FIV | BM | AMP/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/CST b | blaTEM, aadA | fimA | SBF | A1 | B |
| L25 | FIV | BM | CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/TET/CST b | aadA | fimA | SBF | D2 | C |
| L11 | FIV | BM | CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/CST b | aadA, tetA | fimA, aer | SBF | A1 | D |
| L13 | FIV | BM | CAZ/CFZ/STR/CST b | aadA | fimA, aer | SBF | D1 | M |
| L23 | FIV | BM | AMC/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | aadA, tetA, sul1, dfrAI | fimA | NBF | B23 | E |
| L3 a | FIV | BM | AMP/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/FOX/STR/NA/CST b | blaTEM, aadA | fimA | SBF | D1 | L |
| D35 | FV | DC | AMP/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/FOX/STR/CST b | blaTEM, aadA | --- | SBF | A1 | B |
| D38 | FV | DC | CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | aadA, tetA, sul1, dfrAI | --- | NBF | A1 | B |
| L31 | FV | BM | CAZ/CFZ/CTX/CST b | --- | fimA, cnf1 | SBF | A1 | A |
| L37 | FV | BM | CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/TET/CST b | aadA, tetA | -- | NBF | A1 | A |
| L49 | FV | BM | CAZ/CFZ/CTX/GN/CST b | --- | fimA, cnf1 | SBF | A1 | A |
| L39 a | FV | BM | CAZ/CFZ/CST b | --- | fimA | SBF | A1 | I |
| D45 | FVI | DC | AMP/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/FOX/STR/CST b | blaTEM, aadA | --- | SBF | A1 | B |
| D43 | FVI | DC | AMC/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/SXT/STR/TET/FOX/CST b | aadA, tetA, sul1, dfrAI | --- | NBF | D1 | N |
| D46 | FVI | DC | CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/CST b | aadA | --- | NBF | A1 | H |
| L78 | FVI | BM | ATM/AMP/AMC/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/ETP/MEM/STR/XNL/CST b | blaTEM, aadA | fimA, cnf1 | SBF | A1 | A |
| L129 | FVI | BM | CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/TET/CST b | aadA, tetA | fimA | SBF | A1 | B |
| L51 | FVI | BM | CAZ/CFZ/CTX/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | strA, tetA, sul1, dfrAI | fimA, aer | SBF | A1 | D |
| L61 | FVI | BM | AMP/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/CHL/ENR/MEM/STR/SXT/TET/XNL/CST b | blaTEM, strA, floR, tetA, sul1, dfrAI | fimA, aer | SBF | A1 | D |
| L64 | FVI | BM | AMP/CAZ/CFZ/CTX/MEM/STR/SXT/TET/CST b | blaTEM, strA, tetA, sul1 | fimA, aer | SBF | B23 | E |
AMC, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid; AMP, Ampicillin; ATM, aztreonam; CAZ, ceftazidime; CFZ, cefsulodine; CHL, chloramphenicol; CTX, cefotaxime; ENR, Enrofloxacin; ETP, ertapenem; FOX, cefoxitin; GN, gentamycin; MEM, meropenem; NAL, nalidixic acid; STR, streptomycin; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TET, tetracyclines; XNL ceftiofur; CST, colistin; AC, Avian colibacillosis; BM, bovine mastitis; DC, Diarrheic calves; a Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains. b Colistin-resistant strains (MIC ranging from 4 to 128 ug/mL).