Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Design | Location | Setting | Age (Mean SD) | Gender (Male %) | Intervention of Treatment Group |
Method of SSD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akdogan et al. (2017) [19] | RCT | Turkey | Anesthesiology ICU | IG: 60.32 (21.55) CG: 61.34 (19.78) |
IG: 28 (75.68) CG: 52 (54.17) |
Endotracheal tube with subglottic drainage and cuff pressure monitorization |
Continuous |
| Chai et al. (2022) [20] | RCT | China | ICU | - | CG: 24 (40%) IG: 28 (46.66%) |
suction with 0.9% normal saline with 5% inhaled eucalyptus |
- |
| Chen et al. (2016) [21] | RCT | China | ICU | IG: 51.8 (12.0) CG: 51.8 (12.1) |
IG: 16 CG: 25 |
subglottic secretion drainage | - |
| Chow et al. (2012) [22] | Pilot RCT | Iran | Surgical ICU | IG: 70.3 (14.3) CG: 79.4 (12.5) |
56 | SSD with the saliva ejector tube | Continuous |
| Damas et al. (2015) [23] | RCT | Belgium | ICU | IG: 66 (55–75) CG: 65 (55–75) |
IG: 107 CG: 127 |
Subglottic secretion suctioning | - |
| Deem et al. (2016) [24] | Pilot RCT | USA | ICU | IG: 55 (17) CG: 53 (16) |
10 | Polyurethane-cuffed tube equipped with a port for continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions (PUC-CASS-ETT) | Continuous |
| Gopal et al. (2015) [25] | RCT | UK | Surgical and Cardiac ICU | IG: 72.4 (8.2) CG: 72.1 (7.4) |
n = 699 | SSD with Venner- PneuX tube | Intermittent |
| Jena et al. (2016) [26] | Pilot RCT | India | Neurological ICU | IG: 36.9 (12.8) CG: 42.2 (17.9) |
32 | Suction above cuff endotracheal tube (SACETT) | - |
| Mahmoodpoor et al. (2013) [27] | RCT | Iran | Surgical ICU | IG: 54.00 (19.49) CG: 55.71 (19.39) |
67.2 | Taperguard- Polyurethane cuff with the continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions | - |
| Mahmoodpoor et al. (2013) [27] | RCT | Iran | Surgical ICU | IG: 57.31 (19.77) CG: 55.71 (19.39) |
64 | Sealguard- Polyurethane cuff with continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions | - |
| Mahmoodpoor et al. (2017) [28] | A prospective randomized trial | Iran | ICU | IG: 54.0 (19.2) CG: 54.5 (18.1) |
IG: 102 CG: 84 |
Evac tube | Intermitten |
| Mahmoodpoor et al. (2020) [29] | RCT | Iran | ICU | 55 | 72.8 | Polyurethane cuff with continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions | - |
| Mansoor et al. (2016) [30] | RCT | Iran | ICU | IG: 38.24 (24.71) CG: 43.35 (24.71) |
IG: 27 CG: 19 |
Endotracheal tube with subglottic suction port (Mallinckrodt™ TaperGuard Evac Oral Tracheal Tube; Covidien, Mexico) |
Intermittent |
| Naghibi et al. (2019) [31] | A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Iran | ICU | IG: 38 (14) CG: 45.57 (14.53) |
IG: 10 CG: 9 |
SSD with sodium chloride | Intermittent |
| Philippart et al. (2015)-a [32] | A multicenter, prospective, open-label RCT | France and Tunisia | medical-surgical ICUs | 65.6 (53.0–77.2) | IG: 83 CG: 92 |
PVC, Cylindrical | Continuous |
| Philippart et al. (2015)-b [32] | a multicenter, prospective, open-label RCT | France and Tunisia | medical-surgical ICUs | 63.2 (53.4–76.4) | IG: 91 CG: 96 |
PVC, Conical | Continuous |
| Seyfi et al. (2013) [33] | RCT | Iran | ICU | - | - | SSD | - |
| Tao et al. (2014) [34] | RCT | China | ICU | - | - | SSD | Intermittent and continuous |
| Qiao et al. (2018) [35] | RCT | China | ICU | IG: 65.1 (5.6) CG: 64.6 (7.6) |
IG: 25 CG: 23 |
Bronchoscopic sputum suction | Continuous |